5 Forces Model of Verizon Essay

Verizon’s wireline business, which includes the operations of the former MCI, provides telephone services, including voice, broadband data and video services, network access, nationwide long-distance and other communications products and services, and also owns and operates one of the most expansive end-to-end global Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Verizon’s domestic wireless business, operating as Verizon Wireless, provides wireless voice and data products and services across the United States using one of the most extensive and reliable wireless networks. The results of high competitive pressure could impact prices, margins, and hence, on profitability for every company in the industry. a. Sprint Nextel b. Cingular – AT&T wireless c. T-Mobile d. AOL e. Qwest f. RBOCs g. COMCAST 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Low The term ‘suppliers’ comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services. If there is a market with much choice supplier choice, bargaining power will be less. There are many network equipment suppliers, which are suffered from the down telecom market. Having mature technologies also commoditize the products. As such, the bargaining power of suppliers has been weak. 5. Bargaining Power of Customers – Low The bargaining power of customers determines how much customers can impose pressure on margins and volumes. Since most of buyers are small (residential and small business users), they do not have much buyer power. Big corporations are better positioned to negotiate for discounts but industry consolidations of SBC acquiring AT&T and Verizon acquiring MCI have significantly reduced the available lternatives for these corporations and thus their negotiation power. PEST Analysis A PEST analysis is an investigation of the important factors that are changing which influence a business from the outside, these include: Political Factors †¢This includes government regulations and legal issues that define both formal and informal rules of the operation of Verizon. Economic Factors †¢This factor affects the purchasing power of consumers and the Verizon’s cost of capital. Social Factors †¢Cultural and demographics of the environment would affect the customer’s needs as well as potential market size. Technological Factors †¢This can lower barriers to entry, improve production efficiency and influence outsourcing decisions. ? PoliticalEconomicalSocialTechnology Stability of the internal/external political environmentEconomic growthPopulation growth rate Automation Trading agreementsInterest ratesAge distributionTechnology incentives employment lawsInflation rateCareer attitudesRate of technological change environmental regulationsBudget allocation Perception of technological change within the unit Trade restrictions and tariffsThe level of inflation 5 Forces Model of Verizon Essay Verizon’s wireline business, which includes the operations of the former MCI, provides telephone services, including voice, broadband data and video services, network access, nationwide long-distance and other communications products and services, and also owns and operates one of the most expansive end-to-end global Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Verizon’s domestic wireless business, operating as Verizon Wireless, provides wireless voice and data products and services across the United States using one of the most extensive and reliable wireless networks. High for fixed-line, low for mobile / broadband A threat from substitutes exists if there are alternative products with lower prices that are of better performance parameters for the same purpose. This could potentially attract a significant proportion of market volume and hence reduce the potential sales volume for Verizon. a. Vonage(Threat to Fixed Line service) b. Skype(Threat to Fixed Line service) 3. Competitive Rivalry between Existing Players – High This force describes the intensity of competition between existing players (companies) in an industry. The results of high competitive pressure could impact prices, margins, and hence, on profitability for every company in the industry. a. Sprint Nextel b. Cingular – AT&T wireless c. T-Mobile d. AOL e. Qwest f. RBOCs g. COMCAST 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Low The term ‘suppliers’ comprises all sources for inputs that are needed in order to provide goods or services. If there is a market with much choice supplier choice, bargaining power will be less. There are many network equipment suppliers, which are suffered from the down telecom market. Having mature technologies also commoditize the products. As such, the bargaining power of suppliers has been weak. 5. Bargaining Power of Customers – Low The bargaining power of customers determines how much customers can impose pressure on margins and volumes. Since most of buyers are small (residential and small business users), they do not have much buyer power. Big corporations are better positioned to negotiate for discounts but industry consolidations of SBC acquiring AT&T and Verizon acquiring MCI have significantly reduced the available lternatives for these corporations and thus their negotiation power. Generic Strategy Verizon needs to make the technology customers have today work better through new, customer-friendly products, services, applications and solutions. As well as to invest in the broadband infrastructure that will give customers even better services in the future. â€Å"Competitive advantage can be obtained using three generic strategies; they are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. †¢Cost Leadership oVerizon is required to compete on cost because there are many wireless operators in Europe, reduce cost to increase subscriptions.

Information and Communication Technologies

Chapter 1IntroductionIn modern society, most people are familiar with information and communication technologies: ICT is used at home and at work, for personal needs and for study; with their help bills are paid, things are bought and sold, interaction with state structures is carried out – all this and much more is done in the cyberspace. But are many really aware of the importance and danger of cyberthreats? The European Union, for example, is aware of and is doing its utmost to ensure cybersecurity, at least within the EU member states. Commercial enterprises, society, state structures and national security depend on the functioning of information technology and the competent exploitation of a critical information infrastructure; transport, communications, financial services, emergency and utilities rely on reliable, complete and secure information transmitted through this infrastructure. That is why the problem of cyberspace protection is critically important for the European Union. An incident that causes a violation of such infrastructure or IT systems can lead to serious negative consequences for the functioning of society and the economy. To assist in the organization of the protection of each individual EU member state and the European Union as a whole, the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) was established to deal with the rapid detection, analysis and prevention of cyber incidents, as well as monitoring of the existing situation cases with cyberthreats. ENISA deals with a very wide range of issues: it creates reports on cyberthreats and cyber incidents, produces useful materials for experts in the field of information technology, conducts cyber exercises with the countries of the European Union, organizations and citizens of the EU, interacts with agencies and agencies of the European Union itself, holds meetings and conferences, and much more, but ENISA has not yet fully revealed its potential. Based on this statement, this study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness and construct a scenario for the future development of the agency. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified:Identify key terms on cyberspace;Identify the reasons for the establishment, the main goals and objectives of the agency on network and information security;To consider and evaluate the effectiveness of the internal organization of the work of ENISA;Identify the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the practical and scientific activities of the Agency for Network and Information Security;Identify the key factors for building the forecast.Thus, the research question: How an entity such as agency or organization can be effective in providing security in cyberspace? For this study, we can distinguish two chronological frames – the first includes the time from 2004 to 2016 in that part of the work that is devoted to the history of the creation of the agency and the evolution of its goals, tasks and internal structure; second include the period from 2014 to 2016 in that part of the work that is devoted to the direct activities of ENISA. Since the full package of documents on the results of the year from the approximate time to us is only for 2014, for 2015 there are only partial data in free access and for 2016 there is only a work program available – a full package of documents will allow us to view the agency's performance in 2014 by comparing the planned tasks and their immediate execution, and the analysis of documents for 2015 and 2016 permits third degree of confidence in the agency, its development and predict the possible prospects of its development. The object of this study is the cybersecurity of the European Union, and the subject is the European Network and Information Security Agency.Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for this study was derived its definition of â€Å"cyberspace†, which, in the author's opinion, is the most complete reflection of all levels in it. Moreover, this study builds an independent scenario for the future development of ENISA.This work is based primarily on sources of internal organization of the work of the agency and its activities. The most important source is the charter of the agency for network and information security. In addition, an important European document is the convention on cybersecurity signed in 2001. The second most important for this study was the European cybersecurity strategy â€Å"Open, secure and reliable cyberspace†, as it provides the vector for the movement in the field of providing secure cyberspace. ?Chapter 2Literature Review2.1. Formation of the concepts â€Å"cyberspace† and â€Å"cyberthreat†. In the early 1990s, English sociologist E. Giddens proposed the theory of â€Å"reflexive modernization† of society, the main position of which is the idea of an increasing organization of society (Beck, Giddens & Lash, 1994). Modernization of society implies, firstly, an increase in the chances of choice for all members of a given society, which they implement under certain conditions, and secondly, the growth of reflexivity, which, according to Giddens, collects and processes information necessary for the adoption of various kinds â€Å"If today we choose our religion according to our personal beliefs, then we need information about other religions to make a choice,† Webster writes. There is a certain program: gathering information, conducting its analysis, making decisions based on possible risks. In a society where such a scheme exists, there will always be a high demand for information, caused by the desire to control the situation at all levels – from the political to the personal. First, at the state level, the collection and processing of information become important factors, since the main goals that cannot be overcome. To this end, the most complex systems, which by means of special computer technologies are engaged in continuous verification of the environment in all spheres of society. An example is the American system Echelon, which deals with â€Å"e-mail and facsimile mail forwarding †¦ and stores in its memory 5 trillion pages of text† (Webster, 2002). Secondly, computer technologies are widely used in the military sphere. In the new information society, the type of warfare has changed: from the industrial type to the so-called â€Å"information wars†. The main differences between the new type of war are the automation of control systems over the dispersed armed forces of the state (in cases where it is important for the state to present information in a favorable light for itself). According to Webster, to carry out a new type of war, the most modern technologies and means of protecting them are needed, careful planning of counterstrikes which, for example, is assisted by programmable weapon systems, simulation of the situation by means of computer visualization programs and system analysis (2002). Proceeding from this, the information war is, in fact, pre-programmed, because the most rapid response to a military act that contributes only to the computer, which is used in the conduct of this war. In addition, the use of information and communication technologies in the strategic sector of the economy, for example, the use of an automated milling machine in production. All of the above findings lead to the conclusion that cyberspace is becoming a kind of new â€Å"battlefield† for modern nation states. The core concepts and our understanding of international relations have its roots a decade or two back in history, which is why there created on the presumption that countries are suitable bodies in global politics, and that agreements between countries will decrease the possibility of attack and conflict. Alike historic view appreciates, takes into account the national borders and considers the cross border violation as a special case (Choucri & Goldsmith, 2012). However, few critical characteristics of the cyberspace do not go along with the historic view, it has formed a new way to complicate the tension in the world and modern options to prevent conflict. Nowadays, the modern conflicts that are based on cyberspace are happening, everything from â€Å"transnational crime and espionage to cyberwar that could disrupt military systems, shut down government servers, or damage critical infrastructure† (Choucri & Goldsmith, 2012).In addition, citizens of countries unite increasingly use the Internet for individual needs. According to the report of European Commission on 2015 on cybersecurity, 60% of EU citizens use the Internet daily for personal use (compared to 2013, the increase was 6%) and about 14% use the Internet about 5 times a week, and only 9% do not have a home Internet at all (Table 1). In general, the number of Internet users (both for personal and work needs) the growth has increased, and the percentage of people without access to the Internet has decreased, and the percentage of people who do not use the Internet has also decreased (Table 1). In addition, the percentage of people using social networks, making purchases via the Internet and using Internet banking services, has increased (Table 2). This growing trend has also led to increased public anxiety about security in cyberspace. According to the report, most EU citizens are concerned about the abuse of their personal data of third parties and the safety of online transactions with funds. In order to protect themselves from cyberthreats, the most popular of them are installing anti-virus and ignoring strange content sent to the mail or in social networks. However, it seems strange that only 38% of people try not to spread personal information about themselves to the network for their safety. Although this can be explained by the fact that the percentage of people who believe that websites and the state protect any personal information has increased (For example, there is a â€Å"shift† of responsibility for the safety of data from their shoulders to others) (Table 3). But it is worth noting that in this case there arises a certain â€Å"security dilemma†: if a state or organization takes up careful protection of personal data of users, first of all they will require full access to any personal information for themselves (they will need to know what exactly protect). Will not this lead to a loss of freedom? That is the dilemma: to ensure a high level of security, one must sacrifice personal freedom and vice versa. It is possible that a certain percentage of the citizens of the European Union are ready to sacrifice this freedom, since the percentage of people who understand the danger of cyberthreats has nevertheless grown by an average of 1.5% over the previous year, hence people are increasingly aware of the importance of this sphere (Table 4). Thus, we observe that cyberspace has become an integral part of our society – the economy, public administration, people's daily lives and social interaction depend on the proper operation of information and communication technologies. That is why special attention should be paid to the protection of cyberspace from cybercrime of various kinds: abuse of frequent information, malicious activity, cyberterrorism, etc. At the same time, cybersecurity cannot be fully implemented by only one country and requires international cooperation, since the cybersphere has neither state, nor any other borders. â€Å"Cybersecurity is a global problem that requires a global response,† said N. Kroes, EU Commissioner for Digital Policy, in her speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos (2013). Cybersecurity has become the object of growing concern and attention right after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in New York, when it was determined that terrorists used the Internet for negotiations, intelligence, research purposes and dissemination of their propaganda. But the state immediately encountered a problem that hampered and hampered so far fruitful cooperation – no one can form a single definition of the term â€Å"cyberspace†, at least on the level of whether cyberspace is considered only the environment of the World Wide Web, or in cyberspace, various computer technologies and networks that connect them. This research could form its notion of cyberspace as difficult to understand an environment that does not have a physical form, created through the interaction of people, software and the Internet with the help of electricity, special equipment and networks associated with them. The above definitions formed the basis for understanding cyberspace for this study, and cybersecurity will be considered as the absence of threats in cyberspace.Based on the definition of cyberspace given above, you can see that the cybersphere is not homogeneous and has several levels on which it exists. David Clark, an American scientist in the field of informatics, applied a systemic approach and derived the very â€Å"levels of cyberspace† (2010):Physical level – that is, physical devices that are the â€Å"foundation† of cyberspace: it's PCs and servers, â€Å"supercomputers† and power systems, satellites, sensors, as well as other technical connectors (wired and wireless). Thus, at this level, cyberspace has some geographical location and is subject to the national jurisdiction of any state;The logical level is the code, the platform that provides the â€Å"nature† of cyberspace;Information level – it is about information that is stored, transmitted and transformed in cyberspace;Social level – people who directly transform the nature of cyberspace as a result of its use.

Describe How to Deal with Disagreements Between the Practitioner and Children and Young People

Describe how to deal with disagreements between the practitioner and children and young people If it is TA versus a child, then the chances are that the child is being confrontational and disobedient. You would have to point out the boundaries and explain that it would not be wise to cross these boundaries if the child did not want to make the situation worse for their self. With an adult, they have their own perspective on what has caused the disagreement and this should be listened to and then you should calmly put forward your point of view.It is essential to establish respectful and professional relationships with children and young people in the role of TA. There are certain strategies which enable such a valued and trusted relationship to be established. A relationship in which a child trusts and respects their TA and feels comfortable in their company, allows the TA to offer a supportive and caring environment in which the child can learn and develop. Describe how to deal with disagreements between the practitioner and other adultsVery often in my life I have found myself in the middle of conflict. You have to be very wise, diplomatic and try to help to solve the problem, if somebody asks you to. Many times people know how to sort it out, or what must be done to solve the problem, but they are too emotionally involved at that moment and they simply are not able to do anything. If such a situation happened, it is good to listen and give them time to calm down. It can take just few minutes or longer period of time.The important thing is to be patient, which may be hard to do, but it is vital to keep a cool head. At times I may be required to mediate discussions, over a period of time, until both parties feel that the issue has been resolved to their satisfaction. This might be conflicts at work, among friends, among children at school, or at home. Firstly, when we want to manage disagreements, the skill of listening to both sides of the conflict and assess ing the whole situation is required, before making any decisions.Also, checking their non-verbal communication and make sure I am aware of what caused the conflict in reality. Verbal conflicts are easier to manage than physical disagreements. Secondly, I must be completely sure that both sides want and are ready to resolve the conflict. If they stay angry, or refuse to communicate, helping them to negotiate will be impossible to do. Sometimes I will talk to both sides separately, as this gives more of a clearer picture and I will make sure they are both honest.

Physical Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physical Design - Coursework Example USE [Master]USE [Master]GOCREATE DATABASE [LEASE] ON PRIMARY  (NAME = N'Lease', FILENAME = N'\\FSA\SQLDB\lease.mdf’,  Ã‚   SIZE = 4GB, MAXSIZE = 10GB, FILEGROWTH = 2GB)  LOG ON  (NAME = N'Lease_log', FILENAME = N'\\FSA\SQLDB\lease_log.ldf’,  Ã‚   SIZE = 2GB, MAXSIZE = 3GB, FILEGROWTH = 10%)GOCreating TablesCREATE TABLE dbo. Lease Agreement  (            Lease_ID int,         Primary Key,            Lease_Start_Date DATE, Not Null,            Lease_End_Date    DATE, Not Null,            Deposit DECIMAL (15, 2),            Rent_Amount DECIMAL (15, 2),            Late_Fees DECIMAL (15, 2),            Apartment_ID int, Foreign Key,            Tenant_ID   int, Foreign Key,);CREATE TABLE dbo.Rent(      Rent_ID int, Primary Key            RentAmount DECIMAL (15, 2),         RentDueDate DATE,   Lease_ID int, Foreign Key);CREATE TABLE dbo. Maintenance and Repair(  Maintena nce_Request_ID int, Primary KeyDate DATE,Description VARCHAR (255),Cost DECIMAL (15, 2),Resolution VARCHAR (255), Resolution Date DATE, Tenant_ID int, Foreign Key);CREATE TABLE dbo. Expense Type(         Expenses_Type_ID int, Primary Key         Repair VARCHAR (255),          Maintenance VARCHAR (255),   Ã‚         Utilities VARCHAR (255),   Ã‚         Apartment Cleaning VARCHAR (255),   Ã‚         Insurance VARCHAR (255), );CREATE TABLE dbo. Expenses(Expense_ID int, Primary Key               Cost DECIMAL (15, 2), Expense Management VARCHAR (255),                          Expense_Type_ID int,); The design has been implemented by SQL Server 12 to create database and tables. The design shows knowledge acquired during coursework. The project involved designing and translating data into an actual database. Running the database and SQL tables will give proper results that comply with project’s objective.   Ã‚  

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) Essay

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) - Essay Example There should be communication links between management and employees. Each and every employee should be regarded as an individual and his individual requirements should be identified and fulfilled in order to motivate him to work jointly with his coworkers for the organizational goals. The organization is a cooperative structure where each employee’s requirements are satisfied. According to Bernard, the management of an organization has the responsibility to make sure that employees are prepared to recognize the organizational goals as their joint goals so that they can support the organization jointly. Employees’ individual motives should be associated with organizational goals. Therefore, employees’ satisfaction and organizational goals are linked to one another and cannot be accessed without each other’s assistance. The managements of the organizations, which are functional nowadays, have to keep the principle of employee satisfaction within their view as it is quite relevant for running successful organizations. The managers are required to keep comprehensible links with their employees so that they are well aware of each other’s requirements.

Selfawareness and Career Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Selfawareness and Career Management - Assignment Example The practical implications are for more progressive career learning, in conditions which enable 'due process' to establish viable bases for both choice and change of mind. This thinking more sharply differentiates careers education from guidance, setting out a strong rationale for the former. It does not replace DOTS, but extends it into a new-DOTS re-conceptualization termed 'career-learning space'. The effectiveness of career learning is determined by its transferable outcomes. New-DOTS thinking resonates with the conditions for transferable learning. There are possibilities here for building a strong consensus between practice, theory and policy. It helps us in exploring our strengths and can identify the areas we really want to develop. These areas can be related to academic abilities, skills or personal characteristics. Understanding what we want to develop, there are numerous ways of going about this. The approach depends on what we want to develop and may vary. ... These areas can be related to academic abilities, skills or personal characteristics. Understanding what we want to develop, there are numerous ways of going about this. The approach depends on what we want to develop and may vary. It is really important to plan the stages of development carefully, setting ourselves small, manageable targets and checking regular progress against them. DISCUSSION A rising trend is to give confidence to employees to develop to be energetically involved in the administration of their own careers. Career self-management, the extent to which one repeatedly collects information and strategy for career crisis solving and verdict making includes two foremost behaviours: developmental advice seeking and job mobility attentiveness. The career surroundings are changing from a customary one that is "bounded" and determined by methodical service relations with one boss to one that is boundary less and more and more self-directed by the member of staff (Arthur & Rousseau, 2006). Over modern decades, the gestures of business restructurings, mergers, acquisition and downsizing have resulted in administrative center trends distinguished by job anxiety, compliment organizations, and smaller quantity promotions (Mirvis & Hall, 2004). As a consequence, even in steady or quick growing firms, employers are more and more powerless (or unwilling) to assure and form ally administer career opportunities (Individual Growth Strategies, 2005). In order to be

Worlds Leading Construction and Infrastructure Development of Balfour Assignment

Worlds Leading Construction and Infrastructure Development of Balfour Beatty - Assignment Example The analysis of Michel Porter’s five forces helps to increase the market value of the firm. These five forces would enable the company to have the insight of the competitors, and how the suppliers and rivals would affect Balfour Beatty to establish itself in Turkey’s infrastructure development industry. There is intense competition in the infrastructure development industry of Turkey. The customers of infrastructure development industry in Turkey especially the elite class are highly conscious about the quality of infrastructure provided to them and the risks involved within. Therefore; a number of infrastructure development companies are competing in the industry to provide better services to the customers. Although these rivals have a significant market share in the industry, Balfour Beatty has the potential to become one of the finest infrastructure providers all around Turkey due to their remarkable performance in the United Kingdom, United States, United Arab Emirates and other prominent countries of the world. It has created a market niche by providing product differentiation to its users. It is also using a low medium pricing strategy, which would help the company to compete easily in Turkey’s infrastructure development industry. A number of international infrastructure development companies are entering in Turkey, as a huge potential has been seen in this country and the economic development in recent years has been phenomenal. These new entrants possess a lot of potentials to become a threat to the local infrastructure development companies as they have an established name in foreign markets. Balfour Beatty already has established brand loyalty throughout the countries in which operates. These all factors depict a positive aspect and will help to lessen the entry barriers for the company to launch its operational activities in Turkey.

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and Essay

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and without the cultural industry that keeps the martyr alive after death. Discuss.) - Essay Example The custom is that martyrdom carries with it the diverse cultural diligence as this keeps the martyr alive even after his demise. Unlike the other cultures around the globe, the history of the Middle East goes back to the ancient times (Verkaaik, 2004, P. 138). All along, the Near East has rocked the world affairs through its unprecedented political and religious affiliations. Discussion of its ancient history puts the name ‘Near East’ at the center stage. This is the reason as to why there is the historical origin of major world religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The first and the latter have famed for the rite of the martyrdom and they see to it that reminisce is part of their culture (Varzi & Roxann, 2006, P.70). In this modern times, the Middle region/East or the Near East, remains a strategically, politically, culturally, economically and the religiously sensitive zone. First, martyrdom was a transition. A look back to history states that the transition from revolutionary zeal to war fanaticism came as a smooth phase. For example, a telecast broadcast in 1981 at Tehran University served to put this ideology of martyrdom a great stance (Moallem, 2005, P. 108). The speaker whom by history goes down as the martyr of the said creed, Hashemi Rafsanjani, publicly asserted that the public begged to become a shahids. As per his words, he said that the public cries, it sheds tears and implore their commanders to, at least, take them along on the nightly operations in order to become a shahid (Talebi, 2012, P.134). This creed on a nation broadcast, with millions of people listening came an awakening call as to how sacrificing for the name of religion, Islamic in particular, could measure as an incitement to the other religions with different affiliations. In the view of this nation, this religious understanding of Hashemi, theirs was not a radicalization cal l; it was simply a cry to sacrifice for their remembrance of holy Allah. To them, this

Children with special Needs( Disabilites) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children with special Needs( Disabilites) - Essay Example It argues for the functional development approach in empowering these special children. It acknowledges the significant role of government in breakthroughs made in Special Education and which have had positive impact on the lives of special children. Statistics Let us begin by looking at the population (children with disabilities) that we are dealing with. According to World Health Organization, CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 the figures are as follows: 650 million people in the world are disabled; 80% of disabled people live in developing countries; 20% of the world’s poorest people are disabled, and tend to be regarded in their own communities as the most disadvantaged; 1 in every 10 children around the world copes with a disability; and. Only 2–3% of disabled children in poor countries go to school. Disability vs. Special Need The most accepted definition of â€Å"child with a disability† is found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). CITATION WEA 11 \l 1033 A â€Å"child with a disability,† is a child whose educational performance must be adversely affected due to the disability. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 IDEA is considered to be the cornerstone of special education, as it required public schools to provide "free appropriate public education" to students with a wide range of disabilities, including â€Å"physical handicaps, mental retardation, speech, vision and language problems, emotional and behavioral problems, and other learning disorders.† It also mandated that school districts provide such schooling in the "least restrictive environment"(LRE) possible. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 In subsequent years, the term disability was applied to physical disability (such as paralysis, loss of limb, deafness), mental disability (such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder) or intellectual disability (such as a learning disability). Disabilities could be at birth or a result of an accident or disease. Disabilities c ould range from moderate to significant and can be temporary or permanent. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 To many, disability and special need may have no significant difference. However, children with disabilities have suffered from exclusion or bear a stigma, simply by being labeled â€Å"child with disability. â€Å"Disabled people are typically shunned, isolated and stigmatized by their community. Families hide disabled children and exclude them from family and community activities.† CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 . What educators, psychologists, and governments have been trying to do is, first and foremost, to remove the stigma that comes with the term â€Å"disability,† secondly, to reorient individuals and communities to deal with these special children in a normal environment, and thirdly, to support and help empower them. To my mind, the term â€Å"children with needs† transcends barriers and demonstrates the progress in the field of Special Education. The term acknow ledges that a special child, like every child develops in a unique way, and will develop and interact with his environment at the appropriate level. With this understanding of typical child development, a child may have a special need when he or she has a delay in one or more

Design and security of a small businness network - case study Essay

Design and security of a small businness network - case study - Essay Example The network layout of I.T soft requires an expandable and efficient network that will fulfill the requirements of the company. Advanced security features are also required in order to protect the VoIP traffic and preserve network availability. Project Scope and Objectives As I.T soft has decided to implement a new network. The network will use the latest technology in terms of both hardware and software, however cost considerations cannot be ignored as the company is an SME . The implementation of software technology includes the new innovative network that will support the following: Centralized Database access for sales/customer databases Email Internet access Company Website and Intranet VOIP They intend to run a local DNS server probably on their main domain server. They wish to provide a location for all users to store any company data Accounts and payroll data should only be available to the relevant staff. The customer database should be accessible to all staff, however they o ften have visitors to site who require network access, but the company are concerned about the integrity of their databases. Implementing a wireless environment to provide access to visitors They also require a training room, with networking and access to the internet. protect the integrity of their email and VOIP systems They need to provide access to internal data to staff working off-site. Requirement for tools and Suggestions in order to optimize network performance Requirements for monitoring the provision of their core services such as the availability and performance of their servers and VoIP system Tools to warn of any significant network changes Monitor any attacks on their systems Providing redundancy and failover Network Topology Star topology is recommended for the wired local area network. It is the most widely adopted topology. The star topology supports the centralized provision of network resources and services. The support staff can manage the network administrative and troubleshooting tasks centrally. Star topology helps to implement centralized security architecture for improved and enhanced security of the network. The network implementation cost can be saved by provisioning the core systems located centrally. The security controls and backup systems are also located centrally for better troubleshooting and management. Example of the star topology is available in Fig 1.1. Network Cables For deploying the local network for Camden site, CAT 5 cable is the best option. It supports both voice and data transmission. CAT-5 is in the form of twisted pairs. This cable consists of four copper wire pairs, connecting the network node with RJ 45 connectors.CAT-5 supports up to 100 to 1000 MHz speeds in a ‘full duplex’ mode (Category 5 Cable. 2007). The Camden site will corresponds to request related to internet applications, voice and video transmission, file transfer protocol and Emails. CAT 5 can support these features with ease. However , CAT 5 cable can support up to 300 feet equal to 100 meters in distance. A requirement of the switch is mandatory for every 300 feet. Routers A router is a core computing and packet processing devices in the computer network. Router connects two or more networks with different subnets, enabling the networks to expand on an enterprise level. Logically the router builds a routing table, where it stores all the route addresses. For example, the data packet

Amenorrhea in Adolescent Girls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amenorrhea in Adolescent Girls - Assignment Example Once their menstruation starts, many go for the contraceptives to prevent teenage pregnancies. Even though some use the condoms and pills, there are those that go for long term contraceptives such as intrauterine devices or implants which affect the menstrual flow. The implants for example have hormones that interfere with the body hormones causing the menstrual flow to cease or complete become absent (Hayon, et al. 2013). Adolescents in a bid to find their niche have body image issues and majority are even diagnosed with anorexia nervosa for lack of eating enough as well as vomiting after eating to remain skinny. With increased lack of food in the body, the menstrual flow starts thinning and may go to the extent of completely stopping (Faust, et al. 2013). The intense exercises some of these adolescents engage in as extracurricular activities in school interfere with the body weight leading to the menses ceasing. This is so because there is suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (Gordon, 2010). The stress of the exercises also contributes to the lack of menstrual flow. Identification of the cause of amenorrhea in this adolescent group is easier than trying to discuss it with the patient and getting them to undergo therapy to correct the problem. The first thing in this process is to create a rapport with the adolescent by making them see you understand their problem and what they are going through (Gordon, 2010). This can be obtained even through provision of acceptable personal stories from adolescent years. This will create a level of trust and open up the female for discussion about correcting the problem. The other key to discuss with the patient is to get a young female doctor whom they are likely to adore and listen to and whom they admire. The sessions should be discussion letting the adolescent engage as well and making the solutions seem to come from them rather than the

Japan & successful countries Essay Example for Free

Japan successful countries Essay Japan being one of the most successful countries in the world suffered from several problems too. In order for them to achieve greatness and near perfection, they had to be broken also which made it more possible for them to stand up again and adapt to changes. For a very long time, they closed their doors to foreign countries and made life on their own without the help of anything or anyone except them alone. However, despite of this decision, Japan was able to improve their living and manage to become one of the most successful countries in the world. In present, Japan continues to adapt to the changes that the world offers them without sacrificing their own national native philosophy. Considering the success that Japan had, it is indeed amazing to know that they have imprints of foreign culture and philosophy in them. How they were able to maintain their native and national philosophy while adapting to change is something that makes them really an interesting subject to discuss. After their resistance to colonizers and isolation, they were able to foster a nation which mixes stories and culture of the west and the east. Japan and the early years after Isolation There are several amazing things that people must know and understand about Japan. When they successfully defended their country from foreign invasion in 1945, Japan freely borrowed ideas from different countries with the absence of military impositions and the presence of colonial life. They were able to adapt to changes without people telling them what to do. Instead, the country and its people freely and willingly adapted to change while isolating themselves and soon opening to the world (Kasulis). Japan philosophy Japanese philosophy is not based on their native beliefs and studies. It is rooted into several foreign philosophies which they improvised and used to give a touch of Japan in them. However despite of the fact that theirs was a mixture of several foreign ideas, there is always something that makes their philosophies their own (Kasulis). The most distinctive characteristic of Japanese philosophy is how it has assimilated and adapted foreign philosophies to its native worldview. As an isolated island nation, Japan successfully resisted foreign invasion until 1945 and, although it borrowed ideas freely throughout its history, was able to do so without the imposition of a foreign military or colonial presence. Japanese philosophy thus bears the imprint of a variety of foreign traditions, but there is always a distinctively Japanese cultural context. In order to understand the dynamics of Japanese thought, therefore, it is necessary to examine both the influence of various foreign philosophies through Japanese history and the underlying or continuing cultural orientation that set the stage for which ideas would be assimilated and in what way. Works Cited Kasulis, Thomas P. (1998). Japanese philosophy. In E. Craig (Ed. ), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from http://www. rep. routledge. com/article/G100

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations Introduction: Technology explosion and globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations (Prastacos 2002). Organisational Change has become a compulsion in order to maintain competitive edge or be successful in modern businesses and a difficult process to implement in practice due to its complex nature (Hamel et al, 1996) The objectives of this report are to look at the significance of change within an organisation, relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy, stakeholders, models for involving stakeholders, models for change and etc within Tesco. Tesco was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen and had earlier roots from selling groceries in Londons East End markets. The first store to be opened was in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. The first Tesco self-service store was opened in St Albans in 1948. In the 1960s, Tesco started to sell fresh food, clothing and household goods in addition to groceries and opened stores in high streets of towns across England. In the 1990s, Tesco started to expand its operations outside the UK into Eastern Europe. In 1992 Tesco opened its city center stores under the branding of Tesco Metro. In 1995 Tesco introduced the loyalty card and by the end of the 90s diversified further into banking. In the year 2000, Tesco is Britains leading food retailer with 845 stores. It prides itself on quality, customer service and a customer-friendly environment. Task-1: Question-1: Significant change within an organization: A description of the use of ICT for Internal External Communications of the business; Information and communication technology has totally transformed, over the last few years, which has led to a major change in the way communication flows through a business. This has had a massive affect on the way Tesco operates today, as they are a service-related organisation, as they dont produce their own goods. Some examples of changes in technology that have had an effect on the way Tesco communicates internally and externally are; Email- Is used to replace old methods such as faxes, telephone calls and letters, as e-mail is a lot quicker, especially if the message has to be sent to more than one person, it is more convenient than conventional methods, it is also used to correspond with suppliers. Internet- This allows Tesco to create a communication link with the global market; this allows better communication between staff and customers that are overseas. Tescos website allows its customers to see what they are doing externally (e.g.) how they help the local community, it also allows them to explore Tescos range of products and services. Customer can browse through 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world. Network Databases- Has allowed Tesco to replace the old traditional ways of filling and storing information. Customer Service-At Tesco any questions or complaints can be dealt with over the phone or through the Internet, this makes the communication process a lot quicker. Payment Methods- There are a number of ways in which Tescos customers can pay for their goods or services, some of the payment methods that are accepted at Tesco are; Cheque- Details can be printed out at the till, using the information given to produce a receipt. Cheques can be used to pay up to a given price. Debit Card- This allows the customer to pay for their goods or service without any cash, the transaction is automatically checked at the customers bank account, the payment is guaranteed once it has been checked if there is enough in the persons account. Credit Card- This is a similar process however, the money is not taken from the customers account, the sale is paid for at the time. Customers may also ask for up to £50 cash back. IT in store Operation- Information Technology is essential for any large organisation affectively, it is used for many in store operations, for example, monitoring sales, ordering stock etc. Tesco sell thousands of products, therefore they use computerised merchandising systems, to order the correct products to the correct place without these type of system it would be a very long process. Goods are no longer entered manually, which means accurate pricing is guaranteed, because Tesco sell thousands of products, each item has an individual barcode usually printed somewhere on the package, this allows Tesco to monitor their stock levels, which means that once a certain amount of a particular product is sold the computer will automatically re-order the product, this is known as the Sales Based Order. Home Shopping- Tesco has introduced a home shopping service with the use of information technology, this enables people to order their shopping from home using the internet, this is done through a computer programme, it allows its customers to order any of the products that the particular branch sells, orders can be placed 24 hours a day, orders are delivered to the customers home. These home shopper customers have to register and are given a personal ID number, payments for shopping can be made by debit and credit cards. Responsible some factors for significant change: The major sources of changes are the Environmental firstly, taking the shape of economic and political change where we had the rise of enterprise economy and market led economies. Moreover, new work patterns have emerged where more pat-time workers and permanent employees are used nowadays, and with the rise of competition from Europe, Japan or multinational corporations have made it difficult to cope correctly with employees. Finally, we must note the various and fast technological advancements which take place and the shortening of product life cycles that lead to short range strategies and increased flexibility. These factors are discussed as below: Competition in Marketplace: Since year 2004, Tesco, who considers to be a market leader as a Grocery retail sector in the UK not only faced first ever fall in its profit on sales but also faced fierce competition from existing new chains of food retailing market. It is true that falling sales and the first loss in the companys history have forced them to think about radical changes. The UK food retailing market is mature and highly competitive. In addition, the UK market has been affected by negative inflation in the food sector. This negative inflation has been driven by the so-called Wal-Mart effect i.e. downward pressure on prices from Asda / Wal-Marts aggressive Every Day Low Price strategy; it was the Wal-Mart effect that pressurized TESCO into a price war. Changes in Attitude of Customers: Due to high competition, company has faced a considerable change in attitude of customer towards its products. As a maneuver, Tesco has been making continuous attraction strategies for its customers to keep them in close intact in order to remain at top position. So, they always try to bring most attractive goods for the customers. The new option in the goods has been very well advertised nationwide as a result customers are very well attracted towards Tesco. Political factor:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Public concern about the effect of out of town superstores on town centers has grown and both current and future planning policies will seriously hamper future development. Though conversions of existing stores allow some increase in selling space it is limited.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Community organizations have since gained momentum consequent to the Competition Commissions ruling and have been lobbying neighborhoods to boycott supermarkets and large food manufacturers and instead support small independent suppliers, processors and retailers at the expense of large supermarkets like TESCO. Economic:   Businesses cannot control their environment however much they would wish to, instead they must react / adapt to changes within the environment, and this is particularly true in relation to the economy. In periods of recession, many businesses are forced to reduce staffing levels, whilst in boom periods of high growth businesses may seek to expand the size of their workforce to cater for increasing levels of demand for their goods / services. Whilst the UK economy has seen steady overall growth, there has for some time been a cycle of boom and slump within the economy, which has forced businesses to redefine their staffing needs. Social:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.K population on a whole is far more health conscious than in previous years. There has been a trend away from genetically modified foods towards organic foods.  ¨Ã‚  Peoples wealth increases, with the decrease in time for shopping. Besides, people enjoy a busier lifestyle, fewer people cook everyday for themselves. Therefore, the ready meals have become welcome by consumers. Technology: The increasing dependency of businesses on technology to gain competitive advantage over competitors, and the subsequent need to keep pace with technological advances have resulted in increasing emphasis being placed on organisations ensuring that their staffs skill base is constantly re-assessed and developed, through training and recruitment to keep pace with the use of technology.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Grocery retail sector is a major user of new technology. The increasing use of electronic data interchange, laser and self-scanning and other point-of-sale equipment has been a feature of recent innovations by retailers. The use of loyalty cards and the provision of financial and other services have also involved the introduction of sophisticated computer-based systems. Globalization: In the presence of globalization factor, Tesco also change its policies accordingly. This is considered to be one of the major changes in Tesco operations. Same trend has been showing in international regions also. By that company is working on a change to build strong reliable partners. Conclusion: Organisations are a vital part of our society and serve several important needs and demands.   How an organisation is managed in relation to actions of management and the decisions made have an impact on all concerned including other organisations, the community environment as well as individuals. As consumers plays the lifeblood role in Grocery Retail industry, TESCO approach remains Re-active, were it adopts low price strategy to attract customers. Also TESCO is often forced to change their strategy as the competition changes. Question-2: Relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy to the organisational structure and change: A bureaucracy is a type of organisational structure that is found in many large-scale organisations. It appears in both public and private organisations and is a structure that still exists in the majority of industrial organisations in the world, despite being around since the 18th century. Ideally bureaucracy is characterised by hierarchical authority relations, defined spheres of competence subject to impersonal rules, recruitment by competence, and fixed salaries. The main aims of a bureaucracy are to be rational, efficient, and professional. German sociologist, Max Weber was the most important student of bureaucracy, and he described bureaucracy as technically superior to all other forms of organization. Bureaucratic systems have a greater sense of direction and purpose than other types of organisation structure and this helped by the hierarchy of positions and well developed rule system that is consistent in a bureaucracy. Hierarchy structure is sometimes called the Pyramid structure. In this structure there are few people who working above others. These people such as Marketing Manager have more authority over their employees. In many businesses each part of the department is divided into specialists departments where they deal with different task but have the same overall aim. Management in this structure is led by Vertical Communication, which means that the communication goes from the top of the structure to the bottom of the structure. Advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Weber stressed (Conley, 2002) both the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracies. Advantages of bureaucratic system: Bureaucratic system is a very effective way of structuring an organisation. So, it has some advantages like as below: Bureaucracies provide a hierarchical structure whereby workers can rise through the ranks to positions of relative power. Progression is based on technical expertise thereby increasing the professional management of organisations. The development of written rules offered protection to less powerful workers and provided a basis for trade union negotiation. Bureaucracies replaced nepotism and favouritism with impersonal social relations and the basis for equality of treatment. Disadvantages of bureaucratic system: Although, bureaucracy organisational form is very effective for an organisation but it also offer various drawbacks which are as below: Hierarchies and rules formalise power structures and status divides in workplaces Rules cannot cover every eventuality and are themselves subject to interpretation. Over-attention to a rigid set of rules can often hinder the smooth running of an organisation Bureaucracies can create iron cages which dehumanise work The advantages of hierarchy structure are: A leader or leadership team can give the business a direction A leader or team could make quick appropriate decisions on behalf of the organisation. Employees are clear about their position and Span of control within the organisation. Employees know who to report to in events of problems instead of going to the owner directly for irrelevant issues. Employees become motivated because they get a chance to become promoted to a higher tier. The disadvantages of hierarchy structure are: Decisions can often take time to follow the chain of command. Employees can be demotivated if there are considered as at the bottom of the hierarchy. Decisions may be made by a few that are not in the interest of everyone on the organisation. After researching I have found out that the main structure that Tesco operate in is Hierarchy I think that this is a good structure mainly this is because there are more advantages then drawbacks plus this is a good structure to operate in for a big company like Tesco. Question-3 Compare and contrast of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Bureaucracy can have a positive effect on the organisation it could also cause alienation and sense of purposelessness from workers within the system. Working in a large bureaucratic organisation may induce the feeling that they are mere cogs in a huge machine, and therefore lead to unmotivated staff and a decrease of efficiency. Communication through the hierarchy may well be slow in a bureaucratic system, due to the tendency towards centralisation, which would affect the initiative at the lower levels. Due to the bureaucratic systems being well suited to predictable and stable situations, they are not very flexible and therefore find it hard to deal with conditions of change. The rules of a bureaucracy are very rigid and are designed to achieve organisational objectives. However due to the rigidity it may obstruct the attainment of goals and lose sight of its overall organisational objectives. Although bureaucracy has proved its need in the current business environment, there are still several downsides, not only for the organisation, but also for the employee. Many argue that in the twenty-first century, a bureaucratic organisation will be too expensive to maintain. It will also be incapable of responding quickly to change and will not be using the innovative resource of its members. Due to the hierarchical system, problems are usually passed upwards, preventing employees contributing to decisions, which will not promote proactive behaviour and can be damaging to an organisation. Task-2 Question-1 Stakeholders: A stakeholder in an organization is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objectives. (R. Edward Freeman, 46). In the changing business world, a wide range of stakeholders may have an involvement with an organization, such as shareholders, customers, investors, employees, the media, government and non-government organizations. Internal and connected stakeholders: Internal stakeholders include normal employees and managers of a business. In Tesco, the shareholders, the customers and other groups or individuals are involved in the business. These people are called connected stakeholders. All these are very important to Tesco. 1.  Employees: All the employees are important stakeholder to Tesco. The reason for this, that employees are closely involved with organisation. They have a strong influence on the business and the way that the business runs. The expectations that the employees have on Tesco are: A clean and safe working environment Job security Competitive pay rates and benefits such as discounts on Tesco products Interesting and rewarding work Opportunities for promotion and career structure Bonuses 2. Managers: All mangers as well as the directors of the company are stakeholders. In Tesco the manager has a major say on how the business should be run. The expectations that the manager has on Tesco are: developing a local or national reputation as a successful manger working the business to make it bigger than it is now For example at Tescos, those with a high achievement need such as Duty managers or departmental managers tend to seek situations where they have personal responsibility for solving problems, managing projects or for overall performance. 3. Shareholders: This group of stakeholders are interested in the financial part of the Tesco. The expectations that the shareholders has on Tesco are: Shareholders of Tesco want to receive a large and increasing proportion if the companys profits They also hope the companys share price will rise 4. Customers: Tesco are mainly focused on customers. This means that Tesco has to fill the expectations of their customers. These include: Good quality products delivered on time Fair prices After sales service and support, especially for high- technology products. This shows how Tesco are influenced by their customers- Tesco, the UKs largest retailer, buys enormous amounts of products from suppliers and so has great influence. 5. Suppliers: They are expecting to be paid on time and receive regular orders from their customers. Tescos suppliers are interested in any development that might affect the number and size of the orders. Tesco buys its own brand products from suppliers. All products are supplied to Tesco in a finished state. 6. Bankers: Banks and other financial organisations lend money to Tesco and will be concerned that their money is saved. They want Tesco to run successfully and to earn profits. External stakeholders: External stakeholders include individuals or organisations that have interest in the business but do not do anything and have no relationship with that business. 1. Government agencies: The government has lots of reasons to be interested in Tesco: The Inland Revenue collects income tax and corporation tax for Tesco. It is interested in the financial affairs of Tesco Customs and Excise collects Tescos taxes. It collects value added tax (VAT) 2. Pressure groups: These organisations are groups of people who combine to promote a particular view or cause. Pressure groups attempt to influence Tesco by: Campaigning Taking direct action against some firms. Tesco responds to pressure group because they want to have a good public image. 3. Local communities and society: Businesses are an important part of the society. Local communities expect Tesco to: provide stable employment for the community Avoid causing environmentally pollution, noise or other problems that might offend the community. Question-2 Models to involve stakeholders: In recent years, two useful models -a) the Power/Interest Matrix (Mendelow cited in Johnson and Scholes, 2002:208) and b) Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model (Mitchell, et al., 1997) have become popular. Brief Introduction of these Two Models: To assist the analysis, the introduction of the two models is briefly explained in this section. a) The Power/Interest Matrix (shown as Figure 1) implies the political priorities for managing stakeholder relationships by assessing the level of interest and power for each stakeholder (Johnson and Scholes, 2002: 208). High Low High Low PowerE:managing environmentStakeholder Management Publications Management Portal.filesimage004.gif C D A B Level of Interest A Figure 1 Stakeholder Mapping: the Power/Interest Matrix Source: Johnson and Scholes, 2002 Adapted from A. Mendelow, Preceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1991. Source: It can be seen from Figure 1; the stakeholders in Segment D have the most important role among other stakeholders in the success of the strategy. Due to their high power, organisations should give adequate emphasis on the stakeholders in Segment C and attempt to meet their expectations. As for stakeholders in Segment B, organisations need to provide enough information to satisfy their high interest in the strategies or issues. Under some circumstances, some stakeholders (Segment A) neither have power nor interest, so it is unnecessary to invest too much in this group. b) The Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model, illustrated as Figure 2, divides stakeholders into seven types and uses them to reflect a different degree of stakeholders salience which is related to the three basic attributes power, legitimacy and urgency perceived by organisational managers (Mitchell, et al., 1997). Legitimacy Power Dormant Discretionary Definitive Dominant Dependent Dangerous Demanding Urgency Figure 2 Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model Source: Based on Mitchell, Agle and Wood 1997 Mitchell, et al (1997) made detailed explanations for the three attributes. Power means the possibility for a stakeholder to influence the outcome, originating from coercive, legitimate, expert, referent and reward. Urgency indicates time sensitivity and criticality of the situation. Regarding Legitimacy, it refers to the desire of stakeholders to judge the properness of the issue, based on norms, values and beliefs. Both two models are helpful to managers in pursuing success in stakeholder management. However, it is important to realise the limitations that each model might have in order for effective utilization of them. Question-3 Stakeholder mapping in Power/interest matrix model: Stakeholder mapping identifies stakeholder expectations and power and helps in establishing political priorities (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215). This mapping can be carried out by means of Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215), which classifies stakeholders in relation to the power they hold and the degree of interest they show to the organisation (Refer to Figure 4). Low A Minimal Effort B Keep Informed High C Keep Satisfied D Key Players Power Level of Interest Low High Figure 4-Stakeholder mapping: Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K.) Apply Power/Interest Matrix to Tescos Stakeholders: Considering the comments of Power/Interest Matrix for each group, we can ignore Segment A because it only has minimal effort on Tesco. As to Segment C and D, they are all key stakeholders and their expectations should be satisfied continuously. While for Segment B, it has high interest in Tesco and should be properly addressed through informing information to it. Indeed, stakeholders of Segment D (Owners, Top Managers, and etc) have the expectations of good payback and dividends which require Tesco maintains its profit generation in its strength business Traditional Imaging. On the other hand, these stakeholders also seek for capital growth in somewhat more potential business such as Digital Imaging. Stakeholders of Segment C (Customers) always expect better value for money, and they also enjoy the alternatives and value-added products Tesco provided, which ask Tesco to integrate Traditional Imaging with Digital Imaging to generate more innovation. Conclusion: Generally, the expectations of stakeholders of Tesco are diversely and variously. It is clearly that we should find out the key stakeholders and balance their expectations. Here, Owners, Top Managers, Creditors and Customers are identified as key stakeholders of Tesco and in particular their expectations are assessed separately. Obviously, Power/Interest Matrix points out the type of relationship which the organisation need to establish with every stakeholders group. Thus it is helpful in assessing the political ease or difficulty of particular strategic as well as in planning the political dimension of strategic changes Task-3 Question-1: Models for change: There are various models of change are established over the period of time. Every organization can develop adapt any of those models in change process according to the individual circumstances. Two important models of change which can be used during change management are as follows: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) Total Quality Management (TQM) I have shortlisted two organizations for the said topic in order to expedite a brief report about adaptation of different models of change as and when required by them. The first organization was Tesco, London, UK. I worked as Manager Administration with this company for two years. When I joined the organization, it was in a recession phase due to certain circumstances. In those situations, management of the company including me decided to develop adapt the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model of change.   1. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR):-    BPR has four basic key components: Business Processes, Management Measurements, Jobs Structures, and Values Beliefs. BPR is considered to be a much more top-down managed form of change. BPR is best defined as: The fundamental rethinking radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance.   For clarity, it is appropriate also to define what BPR is not. BPR is not automation, restructuring or reorganisation, or delivering although these may be consequences of a BPR exercise. It is also helpful to consider why Tesco contemplated BPR given its radical nature. There were three probable reasons: The business was failing there was no option but to invoke radical change. Business difficulties were foreseen pre-emptive measures were deemed necessary to avoid business failure. The organization, rather than resting on its laurels wished to build on its success invoked radical change to widen its lead over the competition. 2. Total Quality (TQ):- This model of change was developed adapted by the organization operating by the name of Integrated Business Services (IBS), London, UK. In said company I was worked as Manager Sales Marketing. The company is the top rated production manufacturer house of various technical products including aerospace materials. TQ change model was used by the company in January 2004. The Brief description of the model is as follows: TQ comprises change invoked through four key components: Systems, Processes, People Management. TQ is best defined as meeting customer requirements in a context in which every individual in the organization is a customer of the process preceding their own, a supplier to the process succeeding their own. Thus customers are internal to the organization as well as external. Additionally TQ is a competitive concept because it is concerned with being the best, where best is defined by the market place rather than by the product or service provider the best companies will achieve the level of superiority that is usually high. Customer focus is the essence of TQ. Question-2: Necessary steps for planning the implementation process of the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model:- The Four Cornices of BPR Considered by Tesco plc-   1.  Business Processes: The essence of BPR for Tesco plc lied in the adaption of a process orientation. The characteristics of such an orientation were: Multidimensional:  Cross-functional working in organization required combining many tasks into one job or process, in so doing, eliminated hand-offs, reduced administrative overheads associated with controlling the previous fragmented steps provided a single point of contact for process-related queries. Continuous Improvement: BPR recognized continuous improvement in the form of process maintenance continual re-examination redesign of processes which, with time, once more became fragmented. 2.   Management Measurements:- The achievement of a process orientation demanded: Process Mapping:  Existing processes were process-mapped to establish what currently happens why, that was, to develop an understanding of current process. Benchmarking: World-wide cross-industry process comparisons were then be used to establish best practice provided a possible basis for process re-design. 3. Jobs and Structures:- The results of BPR in this regard were typically the following: Flat Structure:  Flat structure was adapted, a process rather than functional orientation, which together with process-teams performed managerial functions, reduced bureaucracy the requirement for complex, multi layer managerial hierarchies. Job Specification:  Job descriptions became comprehensive included details of required level of key competencies such that increased objectivity accuracy could be applied to selection appointment processes. 4. Values Beliefs:- Creating sustaining a process orientation in the Tesco plc demanded: Living the Values:  Senior management lead by example in Tesco plc in this regard. For example: by demonstrating the notion of being customer-facing by spen

A Case for Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain

A Case for Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain Holly Jackson The title of the article I chose is: Five-Week Outcomes From a Dosing Trial of Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain. It was published in the Annals of Family Medicine in the March/April issue in 2014. I chose to use this article because it relates to the chief complaint of my Wednesday client and supports massage as a viable treatment option. I recognized a need to learn more about the condition in order to be a more competent massage therapist. In the United States, chronic neck pain is a common complaint and ranks high on the list of disabilities. Individuals who suffer often seek help from qualified massage therapists. Learning the ins and outs of the neck, including muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves is crucial for giving a quality massage. This knowledge, paired with the proper techniques, becomes an invaluable tool in the massage therapists tool belt for success, which will create lasting benefits for the client. Inconclusive results prior to this study have been a result of too many variables in the techniques and infrequency of treatments. The purpose of this study was to set a specific duration of treatment, with variance on the number of treatments received, to determine if massage therapy could help ease chronic neck pain. Study subjects had to meet a rigorous list of requirements: Adults aged 20 to 64 years with chronic nonspecific neck pain lasting at least 3 months exclud[ing] individuals whose neck pain had a pathologically identifiable cause, was complex, or was too mild, [had] potential contraindications for massage, [received] massage within the last 3 months, [and had not received] massage for neck pain within the last year. (Sherman, et al. 2014, p. 113) There were 228 participants chosen and individuals were randomly assigned to one of six groups. One of the groups was the control group where the participants were put on a wait list. Each of the groups contained 37 to 39 individuals. The study lasted 4 weeks, with final outcomes gathered in the fifth week over the phone by an individual who wasnt aware of group assignments. Besides the control group, which didnt receive massage, there were five groups with variances of massage ranging from 30 minutes 2 or 3 times a week to 60 minutes 1, 2, or 3 times a week. Each of the groups had specific parameters for the treatments, which included range of motion assessment, hands-on check-in, massage applied directly to the neck, [and] addressing compensatory patterns (Sherman, et al. 2014). The results were measured using several point systems including patient satisfaction. The investigators found convincing results from the study groups. According to the study measurements, all of the groups showed improvement except for the control group, which did not receive massage. The measurements for neck pain intensity and neck disability index (or NDI), indicated that even though the 30-minute massage groups showed improvement in the measurements of the study, the most significant results came from the 60-minute massage groups, especially those groups receiving 3 massages per week. Studies that were conducted prior to this were inconclusive in their methods and findings. The significance of these findings cannot be understated. Massage is a viable, verified method of treating chronic neck pain with considerable measures of improvement and relief of symptoms when administered with regularity. The thoroughness of this study supports the use of therapeutic massage as a complementary treatment option. The measurements taken at the onset of the study showed that most people who suffer from chronic neck pain are not satisfied with conventional treatment options. With the finding of this study supporting therapeutic massage, the impact on the massage industry has the potential to grow exponentially. Massage has much more to offer than just feeling great, it has the ability to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. I believe this is a perfect prescription for repeat business with satisfied clients. References Sherman, K., Cook, A., Wellman, R., Hawkes, R., Kahn, J., Deyo, R., Cherkin, D. (2014). Five-Week Outcomes From a Dosing Trial of Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(2), 112-120. doi:10.1370/afm.1602

The Four Functions of Management Essay -- essays research papers

The Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with other and capital to achieve organizational goals. Also management is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectively and efficiently. At the present time in MEDDAC-Japan the organization in which I am employ, is working to reorganize some the way they offers services to the military community. Very interesting it is to see as the four functions of management in action. In the business world today, the great executives not only adapt to changing conditions but also apply fanatically, rigorously, consistently and with discipline the fundamental management principles. These fundamentals include the four traditional functions of management. They remain as relevant as ever, and they still provide the fundamentals that are needed in star ups as much as in established corporations. Management success is expanding through accomplishment of mission and objectives of the organization. Managers and leaders fail when they do not achieve mission and objectives established. Success and failure are attached in a straight line to the reasons for being in business, mission and objectives. On the other hand, accomplishing mission and objectives is not enough. Success requires equally effectiveness and efficiency. Managers, leaders and supervisor who achieve their mission and objectives are believed to be effective. Efficiency describes the connection between the amount of resources used (the input) and the amount to which objectives were accomplished (the output). However, management is complete only if the manager or team leader has become familiar with the specific situation in which he or she can develop and applied each one of the four function of management. The Functions Planning Planning is specifying the objective to be achieved and deciding in advance the correct action needed for the team or company to achieve those goals. Also is concerned with the future impact of today's decisions. Planning is a fundamental function of management from which the other three stem. The need for plann... ...nsult your people. 5. Define clearly the responsibilities being delegated to each person. Explain what is expected of the person and the bounds of their authority. Be sure agreement is reached where the person can function freely. 6. Give accurate and honest feedback. 7. Really delegate. Most responsible people do not appreciate someone looking over their shoulder, kibitzing, or taking back parts of their assignment before they have a chance to do it. 8. Stress the importance of evaluation. You must not overlook the need to evaluate and measure the extent to which your actions conformed to your plans, if the plans went well, or if the original plans were appropriate and worthwhile. References: U.S. Department of the Army. Army Headquarters. (1999, August) FM 22-100 Army Leadership: Be, Know, Do. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from https://akocomm.us.army.mil/usapa/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_aa/pdf/fm22_100.pdf Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2004). Management the New Competitive Landscape. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Business e-Coach. (2005). Decentralization and Delegation. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_ delegation.html.

Hamlet †Spiritual or Non-spiritual? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet – Spiritual or Non-spiritual?      Ã‚  Ã‚   The spiritual dimension or side of the Shakespearean drama Hamlet is nearly quite as interesting as the non-spiritual aspect. This essay will explore the spirituality in its various dimensions.    R.A. Foakes in â€Å"The Play’s Courtly Setting† explains the spiritual setback Hamlet experienced following the ghost’s revelation and request for revenge:    Perhaps the most terrible feature of his recognition of corruption everywhere is his recognition of it in himself too; where others deceive he must deceive too, where others act he must put on an antic disposition, where the inmost desires and passions of others must be revealed, so must his own passions be roused. And where there is no legal punishment for his father’s death, he must stoop, driven by the universal wrong, and â€Å"being thus be-netted round with villainies†, to revenge. He must share the corruption of others in spite of his nobility, and recognize in himself the common features, "we are arrant knaves all." (53)    In his essay â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for â€Å"religion† and several other purposes:    He [Hamlet] was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to â€Å"grow unto himself† – five forces that are the elemental enemies of Force. And this man is called upon to kill. It is almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of Napoleon (as the temptation in the wilderness suggests that in some sense he was). If Jesus had been, ought he to have accepted it? The absurdity of the question prompts the recording of the strangest of all the strange facts in the history of Hamlet: the fact, namely, that nearly all readers, commentators, and critics are agreed in thinking that it was Hamlet’s duty to kill, that he ought indeed to have killed much sooner than he did. (12)    Goddard’s highlighting of the main question underlying the narrative of the play – a moral question involving justifiable killing – indicates the spiritual nature of   Hamlet. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play:    For although this or that dramatis persona may speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially influence his representation of life, nor are they used to throw light on the mystery of its tragedy.

Atacama region border dispute between chile and bolivia

Atacama border conflict is one of the longest border conflicts in the world.   It was a border conflict between Chile and Bolivia in the 1800s and ended up with signing of the Peace Treaty between Chile and Bolivia in 1904 and Chile and Bolivia in 1929.At the end of the conflict, Chile annexed all the coastal strip of Bolivia and the southern tip of Peru.   At a point in the course of the conflict, Argentina was drawn into the conflict resulting to its annexation of Bolivian territory which as controlled by Chile.Even after the signing of the peace treaty, the conflict seems to be going on since Bolivia still claim to be granted the sovereign access to Pacific Ocean even after annexation of its costal strip.   Although the area as owned by Bolivia and Peru, Chile continued with mining mineral rights even after the signing of the treaty which as Bolivia list it entire coastal line making it landlocked country.The main cause of the conflict was the abundance of mineral in the Ata cama Desert. Atacama Desert is the driest desert on either with little human inhabitation. However, it is very rich in minerals especially sodium nitrate.This paper will review the Atacama Desert conflict. The paper will first review the geographical background of the Atacama Desert before going into details of the course of the conflict.   The paper will review the main factors that may have fueled the conflict, the course of the conflict and the results of the conflict.Geographical background of the regionThe region of conflict was lying in the Atacama Desert.   Atacama Desert it located in Chile and it covers more than one third of the northern side of Chile stretching for more than 1000 Km. It straddles the Southern border of the country with Peru.The desert is bound on its Westside by dry hills and mounts and on the pacific cost side extending eastward to the Andes Mountains (MundonAndino, 2009).   Atacama is about 13,000 feet high making it the highest and the coldest de sert in the world.The atacama is the direst place on earth.   It is very sterile since it is blocked from the getting moisture by the Andes Mountain and the coastal Chilean Coast Ranges.The center of the  Ã‚   desert has been referred by climatologist as the absolute desert on earth. As long as climatologists have recorded rainfall in the world, there is no rain that has been recorded in the central part of the desert.   However, some areas in the desert have recorded annual average rainfall between 0.6 and 2.1 mm leading to growth of sparsely distributed vegetations.In the area where no rainfall has been recorded, the only moisture in these areas comes from the dense fogs which are called camanchaca formed from the association of cold air and ocean currents which originate from the Antarctic regions.   Life in Atacama is one of the most complexes since this fog is harvested by both plants and animals alike.   The human beings living in Atacama harvest the fog and use the fog nets which capture the fogs and turn it to drinking water (Veblen and Kenneth 2000, p. 26).The landscape is the same as it meteorology.   The landscape consists of plateaus covered by lava flows and basins of salt.   From the image above, the conspicuous white area is a Salt Flat which is located few miles south of one of the small village in San Pedro which is regarded as the epicenter of the desert.Atacama is one of the sparsely population areas on earth.   However, there is an oasis at the middle of the desert which is elevated 200 meters where the village of San Pedro De Atacama lies.   Apparenlty this is a church which was constructed by Spanish conquerors around 1577 (Fernand 1984, p. 59)).Before the conquest by Spanish, the area was mainly inhabited by Atacameno tribe which is credited with the construction of the some fortified towns referred to as pucaras. With the coming of Spanish Empire, there was remarkable growth of cities and tow along the coast  Ã‚   wh ich were mainly due to growth of silver trade mined in Potosi and other mines around the desert.Archeological evidence also shows that San Pedro de Atacama could have been the center for Paleolithic civilizations. Other important mines which are located in the desert include Escondida mine and Chuquicamata mines.Despite the ragged and dry landscape, Atacama is very rich in minerals.   It is a rich source of copper and nitrates which has been the subject of conflict for along time.The whole desert is awash with abandoned nitrate mines. Apart from this, the desert has scientific importance as it is being used by scientists to study the possible survival tactics used by the inhabitants (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). Scientists have showed that the soil at the center of the Atacama Desert is like that in mass and the life in the desert could give important clues to possibility of life in mars.

Banks Fraud in Nigeria Essay

Perhaps, no where are frauds more serious and more pronounced than in the banking sector of the economy. They are one of the biggest single causes of bank failure and distress in the Nigerian banking system. This study therefore sets out to find the common types of bank fraud that are frequently carried out in the banking system, the underlying causes, level of staff involvement, consequences and possible means of ameliorating the problem. A sample of 100 respondents taken in Benin City, capital of Edo State, Nigeria was studied by means of field survey tool of questionnaire and the response to rating scale questions were tested for significance using the â€Å"t-test†. The analysis revealed that respondents did not view unofficial borrowing and foreign exchange malpractice as forms of bank fraud since they were common and an industry wide practice. It also revealed that there was an equal level of staff involvement in initiating and executing fraud, with the concealment of fraud coming last in their agenda. Also, among the factors hypothesized to encourage bank fraud; the major individual based factors were greed, infidelity and poverty, while organizational factors were inadequate staffing, poor internal controls, inadequate training and poor working conditions. Respondents also viewed greed, lack of personal ethics and weak corporate governance as managerial factors that help propagate frauds in banks. The unique contribution of this paper is its emphasis on building upon the methodology and findings of some previous studies in the area of bank fraud (in Nigeria), by conducting statistical test of significance which adds statistical validity and flavour to our findings.

Thesis Sample

Thesis sample ******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 se conds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files yo u download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or su ggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at giv emefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. com/phpBB3 Thesis Sample Lyceum of the Philippines University Research and Publications Center RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1. 0 (Working)/ Title : An Assessment on the Impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros Restoration| 2. 0 Name of ProponentFrance Kayla M. VillamorH-444B| 2. 1 College/DepartmentCollege of International Tourism and Hospitality Management| 3. 0 Statement of the Problem Generally, the study seeks to assess the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros.The researcher would like to know if the said subset of Cultural Tourism can have a great effect in the program of the Department of Tourism in restoring a heritage site of Intramuros. Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 2. 1 Age 2. 2 Gender 2. 3 Frequency of visit in Intramuros1. 3. a Local tourist1. 3. b. Foreign tourist 2. 4 Reasons for visiting Intramuros 2. What are the programs being implemented to restore Intramuros? 3. 5 By the Department of Tourism 3. By the Intramuros AdministrationAmong these programs, what are for Gastronomic Tourism? 3. What is the current status of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros? 4. How can Gastronomic Tourism be beneficial to capture a huge volume of tourists coming in to Intramuros? 5. What are the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros? Objectives of the Study (Formulate the research objectives) 1. To collect the profile of the respondents visiting Fort Santiago. 2. To list the programs being implemented to restore Intramuros by the Department of Tourism and Intramuros Administration; and to classify what is for Gastronomic Tourism. . To know the current status of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros. 4. To analyze the benefits of developing Gastronomic Tourism in capturing a huge volume of tourists coming in to Intramuros. 5. To enumerate the effects of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros. | 4. 0 Background of the Study (Discuss the significance of the study, how the study contributes to existing knowledge, social relevance of the study, basic assumptions as well as the scope and limitation of the study) World Tourism Organization (2009) defines Tourism as, â€Å"It omprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. † Tourism in general has two forms; Mass Tourism and Alternative Tourism. Mass Tourism represents the traditional transportation of large scale of people in a short period of time, while Alternative Tourism represents a modern small-scale tourism.Furthermore, Alternative Tourism is classified from Natural Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Events Tourism, and other forms of Tourism. UNWTO’s Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals will reach 1. 6 billion by the year 2020. East A sia and the Pacific is on the second place in the top three regions that are expected to have a high volume of tourist arrivals of with a number of 397 million. According to the Department of Tourism (DoT), the volume of tourists from January to April 2012 has increased by 14. 61% from last year’s 1,306,944 to this year’s 1,497,851.Koreans are still in the 1st rank on the most numbered of tourist which accumulates to 330,343 which is 22. 05% of the total visitor inflow. Followed by Americans with a figure of 239,978 which is 16. 02% of visitor share. National Statistical Census Board (NSCB) used the 2010 data from DoT offices and come up that Metro Manila has 2. 3 million domestic arrivals. (Expat, 2012) One of the most popular tourist destinations in Manila is the walled city of Intramuros. It was built on 1571 by the Spaniards during their occupation.It came from Latin words â€Å"intra muros† which literally means â€Å"within the walls†. It is the old est district in Manila that is surrounded by thick, high walls. (Philippine Country) In 2003, former DoT Secretary Richard Gordon has chosen Intramuros to be the venue of â€Å"Best of Regions† – a year-long event for the â€Å"Visit Philippines 2003†. (Manila Bulletin, 2003)————————————————- In able to help in the preservation of the historical place of Intramuros, the researcher aims to assess the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the area. ———————————————— | 5. 0 Significance of the Study Research is an important tool to help specific group/s of individual to test, to evaluate, and to discover new things that will be later beneficial to them. Developing Gastronomic Tourism in a historical place like Intramuros can have a great effect to th e local community and to other related areas of Tourism. This study aims to benefit the following groups. 1. Department of Tourism. An increase in the volume of tourists coming in to your locality is a good indication of a growing industry.It is directly proportional to employment, income, and infrastructure. It also reflects the potential of the place in the field of tourism. 2. Intramuros Administration. The result will give them the information on how can Gastronomic Tourism affects the tourism business in Intramuros. 3. Travel Brokers. This includes Travel Agents and Travel Wholesalers that offer tour packages in Intramuros. They can attract more tourism consumer especially foreign tourists by including a more personal Filipino experience than their usual travel pattern. . Foreign and Local Tourists. One of the reasons why people travel is to satisfy their gastronomical cravings. Giving them the chance to experience authentic Filipino cuisine from different regions of the countr y by just visiting one place can help them to save time and money. 5. LPU. A huge part of the school’s population is from the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management; hence this research may be useful to the students from the said college as their reference material. 6.Future Researchers. Tourism and Culinary related courses are now on its peak; the result of this study can give other students further information that they can be used in the future. | 6. 0 Scope and Limitation (with population and sample) The study will focus on Gastronomic Tourism, a subset of Cultural Tourism, wherein the researcher will enumerate all programs being imposed by the Department of Tourism and Intramuros Administration in order to restore the heritage site of Intramuros.This information will be used in weighing the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in restoration of Intramuros and in weighing the current status and development of the said subset of Tourism. The researcher will give out survey questionnaire which will be delimited to international and domestic tourists coming in at Fort Santiago, Intramuros. The researcher will get the average number of tourist (N) from July 9 to 11, 2012 at 8a. m. to 5p. m. and will use the Slovin’s formula to come up to the total number of respondents (n) that will be used in the study.There will be an age bracket to maintain the reliability of data that will be gathered. | 7. 0 Working Bibliography (Include bibliography and web bibliography) 1. www. world-tourism. org 2. Best of Metro in Intramuros. Retrieved from October13, 2004, http://www. travelsmart. net/article/105571/ 3. Intramuros Manila Philippines. Retrieved from 2006, www. philippinecountry. com/philippine_tourist_spot/intramuros. html 4. Ramos, R. (2012, June24-July7).Battle Over Top Tourist Destination Not Over Yet? Expat, pp. 1| 8. 0 Gantt Chart of Activities| Type of Activity| June| July| | | | Gantt Chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | R efine your topic with your advisor| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Approval of topic| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Draft of chapter 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Submission of research proposal chapter 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. 0 Research Related Costs| |Details| Amount (in Pesos)| Printing| | Panel Fees| | Research Binding (LPU Publications Office)| | 10. 0 Profile of ResearcherName: France Kayla M. Villamor Age:20 Gender: Female| | Birthdate: July 17, 1992 Course: BSIHM-HRA| | | | Proposal Evaluation Rating: _______| Endorsed by:Leonardo Hogar D. R. D. M_______ | Evaluated by:Joseph Monzon_______________| Evaluated by:_Dr. Gerald Abergos| Research Adviser | Research Panelist| Research Panelist|