Hamlet †Spiritual or Non-spiritual? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet – Spiritual or Non-spiritual?      Ã‚  Ã‚   The spiritual dimension or side of the Shakespearean drama Hamlet is nearly quite as interesting as the non-spiritual aspect. This essay will explore the spirituality in its various dimensions.    R.A. Foakes in â€Å"The Play’s Courtly Setting† explains the spiritual setback Hamlet experienced following the ghost’s revelation and request for revenge:    Perhaps the most terrible feature of his recognition of corruption everywhere is his recognition of it in himself too; where others deceive he must deceive too, where others act he must put on an antic disposition, where the inmost desires and passions of others must be revealed, so must his own passions be roused. And where there is no legal punishment for his father’s death, he must stoop, driven by the universal wrong, and â€Å"being thus be-netted round with villainies†, to revenge. He must share the corruption of others in spite of his nobility, and recognize in himself the common features, "we are arrant knaves all." (53)    In his essay â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for â€Å"religion† and several other purposes:    He [Hamlet] was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to â€Å"grow unto himself† – five forces that are the elemental enemies of Force. And this man is called upon to kill. It is almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of Napoleon (as the temptation in the wilderness suggests that in some sense he was). If Jesus had been, ought he to have accepted it? The absurdity of the question prompts the recording of the strangest of all the strange facts in the history of Hamlet: the fact, namely, that nearly all readers, commentators, and critics are agreed in thinking that it was Hamlet’s duty to kill, that he ought indeed to have killed much sooner than he did. (12)    Goddard’s highlighting of the main question underlying the narrative of the play – a moral question involving justifiable killing – indicates the spiritual nature of   Hamlet. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play:    For although this or that dramatis persona may speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially influence his representation of life, nor are they used to throw light on the mystery of its tragedy.

Atacama region border dispute between chile and bolivia

Atacama border conflict is one of the longest border conflicts in the world.   It was a border conflict between Chile and Bolivia in the 1800s and ended up with signing of the Peace Treaty between Chile and Bolivia in 1904 and Chile and Bolivia in 1929.At the end of the conflict, Chile annexed all the coastal strip of Bolivia and the southern tip of Peru.   At a point in the course of the conflict, Argentina was drawn into the conflict resulting to its annexation of Bolivian territory which as controlled by Chile.Even after the signing of the peace treaty, the conflict seems to be going on since Bolivia still claim to be granted the sovereign access to Pacific Ocean even after annexation of its costal strip.   Although the area as owned by Bolivia and Peru, Chile continued with mining mineral rights even after the signing of the treaty which as Bolivia list it entire coastal line making it landlocked country.The main cause of the conflict was the abundance of mineral in the Ata cama Desert. Atacama Desert is the driest desert on either with little human inhabitation. However, it is very rich in minerals especially sodium nitrate.This paper will review the Atacama Desert conflict. The paper will first review the geographical background of the Atacama Desert before going into details of the course of the conflict.   The paper will review the main factors that may have fueled the conflict, the course of the conflict and the results of the conflict.Geographical background of the regionThe region of conflict was lying in the Atacama Desert.   Atacama Desert it located in Chile and it covers more than one third of the northern side of Chile stretching for more than 1000 Km. It straddles the Southern border of the country with Peru.The desert is bound on its Westside by dry hills and mounts and on the pacific cost side extending eastward to the Andes Mountains (MundonAndino, 2009).   Atacama is about 13,000 feet high making it the highest and the coldest de sert in the world.The atacama is the direst place on earth.   It is very sterile since it is blocked from the getting moisture by the Andes Mountain and the coastal Chilean Coast Ranges.The center of the  Ã‚   desert has been referred by climatologist as the absolute desert on earth. As long as climatologists have recorded rainfall in the world, there is no rain that has been recorded in the central part of the desert.   However, some areas in the desert have recorded annual average rainfall between 0.6 and 2.1 mm leading to growth of sparsely distributed vegetations.In the area where no rainfall has been recorded, the only moisture in these areas comes from the dense fogs which are called camanchaca formed from the association of cold air and ocean currents which originate from the Antarctic regions.   Life in Atacama is one of the most complexes since this fog is harvested by both plants and animals alike.   The human beings living in Atacama harvest the fog and use the fog nets which capture the fogs and turn it to drinking water (Veblen and Kenneth 2000, p. 26).The landscape is the same as it meteorology.   The landscape consists of plateaus covered by lava flows and basins of salt.   From the image above, the conspicuous white area is a Salt Flat which is located few miles south of one of the small village in San Pedro which is regarded as the epicenter of the desert.Atacama is one of the sparsely population areas on earth.   However, there is an oasis at the middle of the desert which is elevated 200 meters where the village of San Pedro De Atacama lies.   Apparenlty this is a church which was constructed by Spanish conquerors around 1577 (Fernand 1984, p. 59)).Before the conquest by Spanish, the area was mainly inhabited by Atacameno tribe which is credited with the construction of the some fortified towns referred to as pucaras. With the coming of Spanish Empire, there was remarkable growth of cities and tow along the coast  Ã‚   wh ich were mainly due to growth of silver trade mined in Potosi and other mines around the desert.Archeological evidence also shows that San Pedro de Atacama could have been the center for Paleolithic civilizations. Other important mines which are located in the desert include Escondida mine and Chuquicamata mines.Despite the ragged and dry landscape, Atacama is very rich in minerals.   It is a rich source of copper and nitrates which has been the subject of conflict for along time.The whole desert is awash with abandoned nitrate mines. Apart from this, the desert has scientific importance as it is being used by scientists to study the possible survival tactics used by the inhabitants (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). Scientists have showed that the soil at the center of the Atacama Desert is like that in mass and the life in the desert could give important clues to possibility of life in mars.

Banks Fraud in Nigeria Essay

Perhaps, no where are frauds more serious and more pronounced than in the banking sector of the economy. They are one of the biggest single causes of bank failure and distress in the Nigerian banking system. This study therefore sets out to find the common types of bank fraud that are frequently carried out in the banking system, the underlying causes, level of staff involvement, consequences and possible means of ameliorating the problem. A sample of 100 respondents taken in Benin City, capital of Edo State, Nigeria was studied by means of field survey tool of questionnaire and the response to rating scale questions were tested for significance using the â€Å"t-test†. The analysis revealed that respondents did not view unofficial borrowing and foreign exchange malpractice as forms of bank fraud since they were common and an industry wide practice. It also revealed that there was an equal level of staff involvement in initiating and executing fraud, with the concealment of fraud coming last in their agenda. Also, among the factors hypothesized to encourage bank fraud; the major individual based factors were greed, infidelity and poverty, while organizational factors were inadequate staffing, poor internal controls, inadequate training and poor working conditions. Respondents also viewed greed, lack of personal ethics and weak corporate governance as managerial factors that help propagate frauds in banks. The unique contribution of this paper is its emphasis on building upon the methodology and findings of some previous studies in the area of bank fraud (in Nigeria), by conducting statistical test of significance which adds statistical validity and flavour to our findings.

Thesis Sample

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Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files yo u download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or su ggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at givemefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. om/phpBB3******GIVEMEFREEART. COM******* About This File Resolution: 1280Ãâ€"720 Run time: 26 seconds Codec Used: photo jpeg File Type: Quicktime Created by: Logan Kenesis Programs Used to make it: After effects Cinema4d Thank you for downloading i hope you enjoy it If you like the art here at giv emefreeart. com Help Support Us here is how 1. Make a donation 2. Sign up for our Newsletter on the homepage 3. Participate in the forums 4. Comment on the files you download 5. Link to our website in your projects or on your website If you have any questions or suggestions please post them in the forum here http://givemefreeart. com/phpBB3 Thesis Sample Lyceum of the Philippines University Research and Publications Center RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1. 0 (Working)/ Title : An Assessment on the Impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros Restoration| 2. 0 Name of ProponentFrance Kayla M. VillamorH-444B| 2. 1 College/DepartmentCollege of International Tourism and Hospitality Management| 3. 0 Statement of the Problem Generally, the study seeks to assess the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros.The researcher would like to know if the said subset of Cultural Tourism can have a great effect in the program of the Department of Tourism in restoring a heritage site of Intramuros. Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 2. 1 Age 2. 2 Gender 2. 3 Frequency of visit in Intramuros1. 3. a Local tourist1. 3. b. Foreign tourist 2. 4 Reasons for visiting Intramuros 2. What are the programs being implemented to restore Intramuros? 3. 5 By the Department of Tourism 3. By the Intramuros AdministrationAmong these programs, what are for Gastronomic Tourism? 3. What is the current status of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros? 4. How can Gastronomic Tourism be beneficial to capture a huge volume of tourists coming in to Intramuros? 5. What are the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros? Objectives of the Study (Formulate the research objectives) 1. To collect the profile of the respondents visiting Fort Santiago. 2. To list the programs being implemented to restore Intramuros by the Department of Tourism and Intramuros Administration; and to classify what is for Gastronomic Tourism. . To know the current status of Gastronomic Tourism in Intramuros. 4. To analyze the benefits of developing Gastronomic Tourism in capturing a huge volume of tourists coming in to Intramuros. 5. To enumerate the effects of Gastronomic Tourism in the restoration of Intramuros. | 4. 0 Background of the Study (Discuss the significance of the study, how the study contributes to existing knowledge, social relevance of the study, basic assumptions as well as the scope and limitation of the study) World Tourism Organization (2009) defines Tourism as, â€Å"It omprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. † Tourism in general has two forms; Mass Tourism and Alternative Tourism. Mass Tourism represents the traditional transportation of large scale of people in a short period of time, while Alternative Tourism represents a modern small-scale tourism.Furthermore, Alternative Tourism is classified from Natural Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Events Tourism, and other forms of Tourism. UNWTO’s Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals will reach 1. 6 billion by the year 2020. East A sia and the Pacific is on the second place in the top three regions that are expected to have a high volume of tourist arrivals of with a number of 397 million. According to the Department of Tourism (DoT), the volume of tourists from January to April 2012 has increased by 14. 61% from last year’s 1,306,944 to this year’s 1,497,851.Koreans are still in the 1st rank on the most numbered of tourist which accumulates to 330,343 which is 22. 05% of the total visitor inflow. Followed by Americans with a figure of 239,978 which is 16. 02% of visitor share. National Statistical Census Board (NSCB) used the 2010 data from DoT offices and come up that Metro Manila has 2. 3 million domestic arrivals. (Expat, 2012) One of the most popular tourist destinations in Manila is the walled city of Intramuros. It was built on 1571 by the Spaniards during their occupation.It came from Latin words â€Å"intra muros† which literally means â€Å"within the walls†. It is the old est district in Manila that is surrounded by thick, high walls. (Philippine Country) In 2003, former DoT Secretary Richard Gordon has chosen Intramuros to be the venue of â€Å"Best of Regions† – a year-long event for the â€Å"Visit Philippines 2003†. (Manila Bulletin, 2003)————————————————- In able to help in the preservation of the historical place of Intramuros, the researcher aims to assess the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in the area. ———————————————— | 5. 0 Significance of the Study Research is an important tool to help specific group/s of individual to test, to evaluate, and to discover new things that will be later beneficial to them. Developing Gastronomic Tourism in a historical place like Intramuros can have a great effect to th e local community and to other related areas of Tourism. This study aims to benefit the following groups. 1. Department of Tourism. An increase in the volume of tourists coming in to your locality is a good indication of a growing industry.It is directly proportional to employment, income, and infrastructure. It also reflects the potential of the place in the field of tourism. 2. Intramuros Administration. The result will give them the information on how can Gastronomic Tourism affects the tourism business in Intramuros. 3. Travel Brokers. This includes Travel Agents and Travel Wholesalers that offer tour packages in Intramuros. They can attract more tourism consumer especially foreign tourists by including a more personal Filipino experience than their usual travel pattern. . Foreign and Local Tourists. One of the reasons why people travel is to satisfy their gastronomical cravings. Giving them the chance to experience authentic Filipino cuisine from different regions of the countr y by just visiting one place can help them to save time and money. 5. LPU. A huge part of the school’s population is from the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management; hence this research may be useful to the students from the said college as their reference material. 6.Future Researchers. Tourism and Culinary related courses are now on its peak; the result of this study can give other students further information that they can be used in the future. | 6. 0 Scope and Limitation (with population and sample) The study will focus on Gastronomic Tourism, a subset of Cultural Tourism, wherein the researcher will enumerate all programs being imposed by the Department of Tourism and Intramuros Administration in order to restore the heritage site of Intramuros.This information will be used in weighing the impacts of Gastronomic Tourism in restoration of Intramuros and in weighing the current status and development of the said subset of Tourism. The researcher will give out survey questionnaire which will be delimited to international and domestic tourists coming in at Fort Santiago, Intramuros. The researcher will get the average number of tourist (N) from July 9 to 11, 2012 at 8a. m. to 5p. m. and will use the Slovin’s formula to come up to the total number of respondents (n) that will be used in the study.There will be an age bracket to maintain the reliability of data that will be gathered. | 7. 0 Working Bibliography (Include bibliography and web bibliography) 1. www. world-tourism. org 2. Best of Metro in Intramuros. Retrieved from October13, 2004, http://www. travelsmart. net/article/105571/ 3. Intramuros Manila Philippines. Retrieved from 2006, www. philippinecountry. com/philippine_tourist_spot/intramuros. html 4. Ramos, R. (2012, June24-July7).Battle Over Top Tourist Destination Not Over Yet? Expat, pp. 1| 8. 0 Gantt Chart of Activities| Type of Activity| June| July| | | | Gantt Chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | R efine your topic with your advisor| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Approval of topic| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Draft of chapter 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Submission of research proposal chapter 1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. 0 Research Related Costs| |Details| Amount (in Pesos)| Printing| | Panel Fees| | Research Binding (LPU Publications Office)| | 10. 0 Profile of ResearcherName: France Kayla M. Villamor Age:20 Gender: Female| | Birthdate: July 17, 1992 Course: BSIHM-HRA| | | | Proposal Evaluation Rating: _______| Endorsed by:Leonardo Hogar D. R. D. M_______ | Evaluated by:Joseph Monzon_______________| Evaluated by:_Dr. Gerald Abergos| Research Adviser | Research Panelist| Research Panelist|

Lament †Gillian Clarke, Poem Imagery Analysis Essay

Gillian Clarke, the writer of Lament, uses imagery in his poem in the form of animals and nature to express the consequence of war and greed on the innocent. He uses nature imagery to show that the very thing that was meant to nurture us is being destroyed. Clarke uses imagery to mourn the destruction of the innocent and nature. He also uses imagery to show how appalling the consequences of human nature are to its surroundings. Clarke explains that â€Å"for vengeance† â€Å"the green turtle† suffers with â€Å"her pulsing burden in search for the breeding ground† and that for something that starts life, she is being put at burden for. He points that from this burden, which was put on to her by human nature, â€Å"her eggs laid in the nest of sickness†. When Clarke uses this image he intensifies the idea that the innocent egg cannot choose its life and lies in the birth place of sickness. All of this is because of the same cause, and Clarke shows us that by repeating the word â€Å"For†. We as the reader connect with the idea as Clarke uses his images with the life cycles and the innocent. The idea of mother nature is really emphasized in the poem. Clarke uses imagery to represent this image. He gives nature a comforting â€Å"lap† which shows us that nature is very nurturing. The word â€Å"lap† is an image of comfort and a mother-like feature, thus it represents the idea of mother nature. The effect of this is that we feel more sorrow as we read through the poem; we feel that we are destroying something that gives us a home, food, and much more. Clarke makes us see that it is not onlz us who are in the â€Å"ocean’s lap† but the â€Å"cormorants in his funeral silk†¦ the dugong and the dolphins,† and something as massive as the whale; they are the ones suffering from the destruction of the lap, which is caused by humans, according to the writer. He uses these animals to make us realize that innocent creatures also are under the care of nature, and as we destroy nature, we are destroying life itself for many. It is not only the innocent creatures that are suffering, but within our own kind. Clarke uses an innocent â€Å"boy who joined for the company,† to show us that even children are going into war for silly reasons and eventually in vain. This boy is â€Å"the farmer’s son† and we are brought back to this idea that the innocent poor son of some father, is suffering. The fact that he is someone’s son makes us relate to the father’s sorrow of having his son shipped of to war. It could have been anyone’s son but the author says a farmer, so we imagine this kid with a poor background and a humble past going into war. War is something in this poem that is described indirectly. The idea of war is brought up by the use of all the images of dying races. It is also brought up by the consequences of war on the earth itself. â€Å"The burnt earth and the sun put† symbolizes that war and greed has burnt the earth and mother nature. It also mentions that the sun is put out, meaning that something that gives light and life, is put out. The sun is the source of light of a new day, without it there is no new day, and so the life cycle ends. The poet then uses this image of â€Å"the ashes of language†. Language is something that is used to communicate. Without language the world is barbaric. Communication is something that is destroyed when war and greed takes place and therefore, the writer summarizes the effects of war in greed in this sentence as chaos. Gillian Clarke uses these images of nature and life to express this final consequence.

Human equality (Man & Woman) Essay

Introduction Human Equality means the state of being equal before the eyes of God. All have equal responsibilities, equal rights, and equal parts in the society they belong. In ancient times men did not treat the woman – folk with justice and fairness, they show arrogant in that time and show to the woman that they are more intelligent and more knowledgeable from them. The inferiority complex from which woman suffers has its roots in the remote past. The social framework which has remained basically unchanged assigned to her a status much lower than that of man. According to the scriptures that woman was created for the man to be a â€Å"helpmeet† for him. Woman got its named because she was â€Å"taken out of man†. Her obligations were for marriage, procreation, establishing and maintaining a home, providing for the family, and as personal companionship of a husband. In ancient times man made society, the dice were heavily loaded against her. The powerful forces of custom, law and religion were ranged against her. Woman in ancient times could not own property in her own right. She could not choose her own mate. Woman had no right in anything around her. This research paper will discuss about the human equality happen to woman in the different places and to the different cultures they have. Body of the Paper Human Equality has been experience even since during ancient times, it is the practice of the people in the past that woman is not a high regard individual, the focus of the people at that time merely on the man who they think will be a great help for them. Human rights for the woman were being neglected. It is their belief that when a mother gives birth to a baby girl it is a bad luck for the family especially when it is the first born baby in the family. But when the mother gives birth to a baby boy the whole family well rejoice for the coming of the baby because they believed that it is a sign of good luck for them. Women rights refer to the social and human rights being an individual. From women’s involvement within the abolition movements, women became aware of the male dominance and oppression (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) in ancient times women are struggling for the equality treatment they get from their parents and from the people in the community. In ancient times in Athens woman role is to live controlled by the man in their lives and they are controlled by their father when they are not yet married. They are forced to marry in their teen’s period to a man whose age is 30s with the choose of their father, Once a woman was married her husband controlled all her property. Any property that she might have inherited would go directly to her husband, her obligations is just to follow what her husband wants and be a slave to him for the rest of her life. In Athens, woman had no rights to wander around the town, without a valid cause. Because they believed that any respectable woman would not be seen roaming in public. Athens women had virtually no political rights they don’t have the right to vote or to take part in the operation of the state. Woman was controlled by men at all stages of their lives they don’t have all the rights to go against the well of their husbands. They are totally the property of their husband. In Athens, the men usually spent most of their time away from their houses, women dominated their home life. In the absence of their husband the wife was in charge of raising the children and making clothes for the family. She’s responsible in supervising the daily running of the household chores. Athens is a totally slave based economy, where plentiful numbers of female slaves was their available for cooking, cleaning and carrying water from the fountain for the middle class families. In the poorest homes of Athens, the wife was expected to do all the household chores. At present times, Athenians women have already freedom from their husband. They can give birth normally and raise their child as what the other mother is doing. Women now can participate in all the activities in the society they belong. Some of the women now have a high position in their chosen career. In ancient China women lived under the rules set by Confucius. His doctrine stated that women weren’t equal to men, because according to him women were unworthy or incapable of a literary education they are just fitted to be a servant. Throughout ancient Chinese history women were in a position of servitude from birth until death. They were actually considered woman as a man’s private property (Heng) this was justified because they believed that â€Å"disorder of this world is not sent down by heaven, it is produced by women† (women in world history. com pg. 3). Women were subject from birth to their fathers and brothers. They had to obey them without question. Women were often despised by their fathers, so much so that many Chinese women had no name. They were simply called daughter No. 1, Daughter No. 2 and so on. At present government in China, Women are already recognized. They have an equal rights with the men in the society, The father can only suggest and recommend what is good for their children’s but the final decision come from the children. At this time in China after giving birth to the child they already got their names and they are already a part of the community. In the Islam concept, they propagate a concept of equality between man and woman because they believed that Allah has created both man and woman for their own specific purposes. Both have their own right to be respected and honored. But it is in their traditions that woman has no right to choose the right man for them to marry, it is the parents who will decide whom they will spend the rest of their lives. In this modern times, Islam women still agreed the decision of their parents in terms of their marriage, but some of them especially the educated ones choose whom they want to married not looking what might be the risk that they will get for their decisions. In these modern times the females enjoy their freedom to have quality education. Now they are free to go anywhere they want to travel. They can wear any styles of dresses and they can have anything’s they want to own. In Egypt, the woman were consistently concluding some contracts, including marriage and divorce settlements, purchase of property and even arrangements for self – enslavement, Under self – enslavement the servitude was stipulated for a limited number of years. And on the duration of self enslavement, women often received a salary of their labor. In regards to the occupation status of the woman the upper and middle class was limited only for the home and for the family for the reasons of the customary role of being the mother and the bearer of the children. In Egypt woman were not entrusted to any major religious task and any primary position in the government sector. At this present times in Egypt. Woman has already the rights to acquire quality education. And they have all the rights for a good job in the community. Some of the Egyptian women at this time have a good position in the government. They have all the rights to vote and can participate in any activities in the state. In Ancient Israel some of the liberal feminists believe that women were simply the property in Ancient Israel, and it is the men who have the complete control of female sexuality and fertility. In their society woman have had an inferior status in the law, their main obligations focus on their roles in the family, especially in the reproduction and upbringing of the children. The Jewish and Christian communities downgraded the place of the woman in the community. Because they believed that woman is only a part and they considered them as an outcast in the society. Today, Israel acknowledges the great participation of women in their success. Some of the women in their country at present serve in the government; they are now well respected and honored. Some of them get high positions in their chosen career; they have all the freedom to exercise their rights in the society. In 1950’s women were blamed for creating the ills of the society by just leaving their husbands and children to go to work, critics of the working mother maintained the view that if the woman were to ignore their deepest needs of domesticity and motherhood, it would lead to emotional instability. In that year equality reveal because men held the vast majority of the position in the work place and job opportunities offered to woman is only in the clerical positions. Despite the rapid success of recent years women still face many challenges in life. While they are equal under the law, Because of recent moves towards capitalism women have found it harder to find well paying jobs. Factories and businesses prefer to recruit men more because of women’s traditional responsibilities of having kids and maintaining households. Women are not seen as efficient as men are. So many women have gone into low-paying jobs or are receiving lower pay for the same work this though has had unfortunate side effect. Families, especially those in the country, want to have a boy to do heavy farm work and to continue the family line. If they get a girl it isn’t uncommon for her to be killed. Fewer girls than boys are enrolled education in some countries today, especially in poor areas. More than 70 percent of school dropouts are girls, some because many fathers want them to take a traditional role and look after the house. In ancient Romans, most women deal with the aristocracy. In the upper class families it was the men who got the best education and the best positions in the society. The women in their society shared over one overwhelming and pervasive role and responsibility as child bearer of the family. Roman women were usually married by the time they were twelve years old, sometimes even younger. Girls married very young and often died in childbirth because they were weakened from having many children without reprieve. Women were expected to have as many babies as they could because they were never sure how many of the children would reach the age of maturity. In Roman, women have no choice between having children or not, because they could not overrule their husband if he want to have a newborn baby from her. It is in their law that female infants could not bring the family name of the father and they are required to ask for a dowry in time of their marriage. The earliest power of the father was exercised over the exposure of the families, at birth, in a highly symbolic rite, newborns were be displayed – males and females – it is deposited at the feet of the father. He – without explanation or justification – either recognized the child as his by picking it up, or withheld his recognition by leaving it where it was, The recognized child will became the member of the family; and the unrecognized child was abandoned to the river or left to die by starvation. Roman Woman did have some personal freedom, but they had a little chance for individuality or personal choice. They were always the constant supervision of their fathers, husbands, male relatives, who regularly kissed them on the mouth to find out if they had drunk wine. It is their law that woman who drink wine, and to commit adultery will be punish by death. By their father or guardians. In Roman society the woman certain prescribed roles was a child bearer, mother, daughter, and wife. They are considered citizens but they were not permitted to vote or participate in the government functions. In Japan, in the early feudal period, samurai women were expected to exhibit loyalty, bravery, and take on the duty of revenge. As her warrior husband was often absent, the samurai wife also had important duties at home. Her responsibility was to cook food for the family and to do all the household chores. She was in charged to oversee the harvesting of crops, and managed of all the servants, and she’s responsible over all financial business in terms of earnings disorder. In all the matters concerning the well-being of the family, her advice was accepted and her opinions were respected. On her, custody fells the burden of providing the proper education of her children. She was required to instill a strong sense of loyalty to the samurai ideals of courage and physical strength. And the woman is required to obey and follow all the government procedures without any questions. Over the years, the independent samurai woman was replaced by an image which depicted the ideal samurai women as humble, obedience, self-controlled and above all subservient to men. Respecting one’s husband and family’s customs and tradition, and the rule of bearing a male child becomes one of the ideal woman’s most important tasks. By the later feudal ages, the law of primogeniture prevailed as increasing disputes over the claiming of the property that resulted that girls was being debarred from their rights to inherits properties from their parents and husbands. Supporting the deterioration in women’s position were both the Confucian doctrine and Buddhism which denigrated women’s intellectual and moral capacities to own a property of their own. After the 15th century, the teachings of the â€Å"Three Obedience’s† reigned. Stated as follows that; â€Å"A woman has no way of independence through life. When she is young, she obeys her father; when she is married, she obeys her husband; when she is widowed, she obeys her son. † A hundred years ago, women had little standing in the Church, like in society in general. Women were not allowed to receive communion during their monthly periods; and after giving birth to a child they needed to be ‘purified before re-entering a church building. Women were strictly forbidden to touch sacred objects such as, the chalice, the paten or altar linen†¦ They certainly could not distribute Holy Communion. In church, women needed to have their heads veiled at all times. Women were also barred from entering the sanctuary except for cleaning purposes reading Sacred Scripture from the pulpit, preaching, singing in a church choir, being Mass servers, becoming full members of confraternities and organizations of the laity, and the most important than all this that women were barred from receiving Holy Orders. In our time, a new awareness has arisen of human rights: of the basic equality of men and women, and of the need to secure equal opportunities to all. On account of this the attitude to women has also begun to change in the Church. Women may now be ‘temporarily deputed’ to be readers, Mass servers, cantors, preachers, leaders of prayer services, ministers of baptism and of Holy Communion. But the ban on ordination remains in place. Conclusions Human Equality in the Ancient times are difficult to achieved, the Woman in that times are maltreated and known to be an overcast of the society. They can’t fight for their rights because they are under the power of their father whom to be powerful for the control of their lives. Some of them suffered and died without any justice in their lives. In these modern times, Women are smarter than man, they have all the right before the laws, and they are free to do what is right for them. Some woman of today civilizations was holding high position in the government; they are exposed to any skills and works that only man can do. Since those early years, much progress has been made for women in developed and developing countries alike: in many countries, provisions guaranteeing the enjoyment of human rights without discrimination on the basis of sex have been included in constitutions; legal literacy and other measures have been introduced to alert women to their rights and to ensure their access to those rights; the world community has identified violence against women as a clear violation of women’s rights; incorporating gender perspectives into regular programmers and policies has become a priority at the United Nations and in many member states. Although much remains to be done to achieve full equality, the voices of women are being heard. There is a saying that goes, because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, â€Å"She doesn’t have what it takes. They will say, â€Å"Women don’t have what it takes. † (Clare Boothe Luce). Today generations, woman can already compete or surpass the accomplishments of the man in terms of work and positions in the government. Woman of today can do mush well than the man in all aspects of technology. Authorities have to realize those women are not going to face discrimination because they are only women. This world must realize that women of today are fighting for their rights because they want to be equal to men because they want to join their hands together to utilize potentials to the fullest of their abilities. In this expanding world it is important for all the people to be united to firmly stand despite of all the trials with the help of a common goal to express our own right and concern for life. Through all the successes of women’s in the 70’s and 80’s women began to dream big dreams. Crossing all the economic, social, psychological and political barriers we the women of the present times want to tell the male chauvinist world that we are not merely a commodity found in the advertisements. This is a wake up call for both the genders that the elimination or the decreasing number of either sex will pose greater threat to the future generations. In one of the scriptures, says a reminder for all the people concern that, â€Å"Be careful if you make a woman cry because god sees her tears. A woman came out of man’s rib not from his feet to be walked on, not from his head to be superior over, but from his side to be equal†. Finally and most important, that women of today are giving back to work and not simply taking, knowing that they are privileged to any aspects of life but mostly these women use their knowledge, money, and power to make the lives of the less fortunate a better one.. As women have fought a constant battle toward equality and opportunity, and the world was benefited by their works and accomplishments for the progress of all. References: Bains Kaur Gurmanjot, Because I am a Woman, Retrieved December 3. 2006 from http://www. livepunjab. com/node/1954/print Jacobw500, Role of Women in China – Ancient times and Today, Retrieved December 3, 2006 From http://www. planetpapers. com/Assets/4637. php Lewis Jone Johnson, Women and Marriage in Ancient Rome – Chapter 1, Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http://womenshistory. about. com/cs/ancientrome/a/roman_wm_10101b. htm Mason K. Moya, Ancient Roman Women: A Look at their Lives, Retrieved December 3, 2006. From http://www. moyak. com/researcher/resume/papers/roman_women. html Modern Times 1950-Present Day, Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http://www. angelfire. com/ca/HistoryGals/Elisa. html Samurai Sisters: Early Feudal Japan, Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http://www. womeninworldhistory. com/sample-08. html Walsh John W. Women in Ancient Israel, Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http://www. crystalinks. com/egyptianwomen. html What is it all about – in a nutshell? Retrieved December 2, 2006 from http://www. womenpriests. org/summary. asp.

Organisation Communication Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisation Communication Case Study - Essay Example The noise can be present in the process because of the sender, mediums of communication or receiver. Noise exists in the communication process if sender of the communication is unable to explain his message properly, if the wrong medium of communication is received and if receiver of communication is unable to trust the intentions of the sender of the message. However, after examining the case, we can see that the reason why noise exists in the communication process is because of problems with all three members of the communication process i.e sender, medium and receivers of the communication process. The noise in the process exists because of the sender. It can be seen from his email that Jeff Butler uses very small messages. He does not elaborate on them. This leads to different people interpreting the message different and sometimes because of this there’s a gulf between what the sender of the communication is trying to say and what is being taken by the receiver of the mes sage. This has lead to great noise in the communication process. ... Hence, the message will lose its importance and will be taken differently by people. It may lose its meaning and may be take for what the sender does not actually want to say in this message. The second reason why noise exists in the communication process is because of the wrong channel of communication received. Jeff Butler has been interfering in the organization policy and announcing decisions on his own. This is extremely concerning for the people working in the organization. Since people expect information to reach them via proper channel and therefore Jeff Butler’s announcing the organization’s policy on his own will be disturbing for the people working in the organization. It was not a right decision for Jeff Butler to announce that the organization will soon be migrating from Lotus to Microsoft Exchange. A good channel to announce this new would have been Senior Vice-President or the President announcing the organization policy. This lead to job dissatisfaction and a few people left the organization on hearing this from Jeff Butler who was younger than them in terms of organizational experience. This can be seen in the following message: I know that I am forever the â€Å"thorn in your side† about terminology and data/technical design, but that is my â€Å"calling† †¦ So, with that in mind, here goes †¦ We should not look to Lotus Notes applications as we go forward as sources of data; they are not databases †¦ That is, we need to keep in mind that the data in Lotus Notes should not belong to Lotus Notes. As we continue to deploy the intranet/internet/extranet publishing paradigm, we need to look at the data that is published via Web technology, as derived from a true database standpoint †¦